Ko AI, Goarant C, Picardeau M. Leptospira: the dawn of the molecular genetics era for an emerging zoonotic pathogen. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2009;7:736.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Levett PN. Leptospirosis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2001;14:296–326.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Scolamacchia F, Handel IG, Fèvre EM, Morgan KL, Tanya VN, Bronsvoort BM de C. Serological patterns of brucellosis, leptospirosis and Q fever in Bos indicus cattle in Cameroon. PLoS One. 2010;5:e8623.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bourhy P, Collet L, Clément S, Huerre M, Ave P, Giry C, et al. Isolation and characterization of new Leptospira genotypes from patients in Mayotte (Indian Ocean). PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010;4:e724.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ellis WA, Thiermann AB, Montgomery J, Handsaker A, Winter PJ, Marshall RB. Restriction endonuclease analysis of Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo isolates from cattle. Res Vet Sci. 1988;44:375–9.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chappel RJ, Millar BD, Adler B, Hill J, Jeffers MJ, Jones RT, et al. Leptospira interrogans Serovar hardjo is not a major cause of bovine abortion in Victoria. Aust Vet J. 1989;66:330–3.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Myers DM, Caparo AC, Moreno JP. Isolation of serotype hardjo and other leptospirae from armadillos in Argentina. Bull Pan Am Health Organ. 1977;11:131–9.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cosate MRV, Barouni AS, Moreira EC, Veloso IF, Gomes MTR, Salas CE. Molecular characterization by LSSP-PCR and DNA sequencing of a pathogenic isolate of Leptospira interrogans from Brazil. Zoonoses Public Health. 2012;59:379–88.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Faine S, Adler B, Bolin C, Perolat P. Leptospira and Leptospirosis. Melbourne: Med Science; 1999.
Google Scholar
Ellis WA, O’Brien JJ, Bryson DG, Mackie DP. Bovine leptospirosis: some clinical features of serovar hardjo infection. Vet Rec. 1985;117:101–4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kingscote BF. Diagnosis of Leptospira serovar hardjo infection in cattle in Canada. Can Vet J Rev Vét Can. 1985;26:270–4.
CAS
Google Scholar
Mitchison M, Bulach DM, Vinh T, Rajakumar K, Faine S, Adler B. Identification and characterization of the dTDP-rhamnose biosynthesis and transfer genes of the lipopolysaccharide-related rfb locus in Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni. J Bacteriol. 1997;179:1262–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kalambaheti T, Bulach DM, Rajakumar K, Adler B. Genetic organization of the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen biosynthetic locus of Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjobovis. Microb Pathog. 1999;27:105–17.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
de la Peña-Moctezuma A, Bulach DM, Adler B. Genetic differences among the LPS biosynthetic loci of serovars of Leptospira interrogans and Leptospira borgpetersenii. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2001;31:73–81.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
de la Peña-Moctezuma A, Bulach DM, Kalambaheti T, Adler B. Comparative analysis of the LPS biosynthetic loci of the genetic subtypes of serovar Hardjo: Leptospira interrogans subtype Hardjoprajitno and Leptospira borgpetersenii subtype Hardjobovis. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1999;177:319–26.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ahmed A, Engelberts MFM, Boer KR, Ahmed N, Hartskeerl RA. Development and validation of a real-time PCR for detection of pathogenic leptospira species in clinical materials. PLoS One. 2009;4:e7093.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Thaipadungpanit J, Thaipadunpanit J, Chierakul W, Wuthiekanun V, Limmathurotsakul D, Amornchai P, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of real-time PCR assays targeting 16S rRNA and lipL32 genes for human leptospirosis in Thailand: a case-control study. PLoS One. 2011;6:e16236.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zhong C, Peng D, Ye W, Chai L, Qi J, Yu Z, et al. Determination of plasmid copy number reveals the total plasmid DNA amount is greater than the chromosomal DNA amount in bacillus thuringiensis YBT-1520. PLoS One. 2011;6:e16025.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Moreno Switt AI, den Bakker HC, Cummings CA, Rodriguez-Rivera LD, Govoni G, Raneiri ML, et al. Identification and characterization of novel Salmonella Mobile elements involved in the dissemination of genes linked to virulence and transmission. PLoS One. 2012;7:e41247.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Cerqueira GM, McBride AJA, Picardeau M, Ribeiro SG, Moreira AN, Morel V, et al. Distribution of the leptospiral immunoglobulin-like (lig) genes in pathogenic Leptospira species and application of ligB to typing leptospiral isolates. J Med Microbiol. 2009;58:1173–81.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Zuerner RL, Ellis WA, Bolin CA, Montgomery JM. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms distinguish Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis isolates from different geographical locations. J Clin Microbiol. 1993;31:578–83.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Zuerner RL, Bolin CA. Differentiation of Leptospira interrogans isolates by IS1500 hybridization and PCR assays. J Clin Microbiol. 1997;35:2612–7.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Mahillon J, Chandler M. Insertion Sequences. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1998;62:725–74.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bulach DM, Kalambaheti T, de la Peña-Moctezuma A, Adler B. Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis in Leptospira. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol. 2000;2:375–80.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ryu E. Rapid microscopic agglutination test for Leptospira without non-specific reaction. Bull Off Int Épizooties. 1970;73:49–58.
CAS
Google Scholar
Tamai T, Sada E, Kobayashi Y. Restriction endonuclease DNA analysis of Leptospira interrogans serovars Icterohaemorrhagiae and Copenhageni. Microbiol Immunol. 1988;32:887–94.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Koidl C, Bozic M, Burmeister A, Hess M, Marth E, Kessler HH, et al. J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45:347–50.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W, Myers EW, Lipman DJ. Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol. 1990;215:403–10.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Edgar RC. MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Res. 2004;32:1792–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S. MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol. 2011;28:2731–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Terpstra WJ, Korver H, van Leeuwen J, Klatser PR, Kolk AH. The classification of Sejroe group serovars of Leptospira interrogans with monoclonal antibodies. Zentralblatt Für Bakteriol. Mikrobiol Hyg Ser Med Microbiol Infect Dis Virol Parasitol. 1985;259:498–506.
CAS
Google Scholar
Zuerner RL, Alt D, Bolin CA. IS1533-based PCR assay for identification of Leptospira interrogans Sensu Lato serovars. J Clin Microbiol. 1995;33:3284–9.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Chirathaworn C, Kongpan S. Immune responses to Leptospira infection: roles as biomarkers for disease severity. Braz J Infect Dis Off Publ Braz Soc Infect Dis. 2014;18:77–81.
Google Scholar
Zakeri S, Khorami N, Ganji ZF, Sepahian N, Malmasi A-A, Gouya MM, et al. Leptospira Wolffii, a potential new pathogenic Leptospira species detected in human, sheep and dog. Infect Genet Evol J Mol Epidemiol Evol Genet Infect Dis. 2010;10:273–7.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Ahmed A, Ferreira AS, Hartskeerl RA. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST): markers for the traceability of pathogenic Leptospira strains. Methods Mol Biol Clifton NJ. 2015;1247:349–59.
Article
Google Scholar
Majed Z, Bellenger E, Postic D, Pourcel C, Baranton G, Picardeau M. Identification of variable-number tandem-repeat loci in Leptospira interrogans Sensu Stricto. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:539–45.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bezerra da Silva J, Carvalho E, Hartskeerl RA, Ho PL. Evaluation of the use of selective PCR amplification of LPS biosynthesis genes for molecular typing of leptospira at the serovar level. Curr Microbiol. 2011;62:518–24.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Aguiar DM, et al. Seroprevalence of Leptospira spp in cattle from Monte Negro municipality, western Amazon. Pesq. Vet. Bras. 2006;26:102–4.
Article
Google Scholar
Figueiredo A de O, Pellegrin AO, Gonçalves VSP, Freitas EB, Monteiro LARC, Oliveira JM de, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for bovine leptospirosis in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Pesqui. Veterinária Bras. 2009;29(5):375–81.
Silva FJ, Conceição WLF, Fagliari JJ, Girio RJS, Dias RA, Borba MR, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of bovine leptospirosis in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Pesqui Veterinária Bras. 2012;32:303–12.
Article
Google Scholar
Kmety E, Dikken H. Classification of the species Leptospira interrogans and history of its serovars. Groningen: University Press Groningen; 1993.
Google Scholar
Ochman H, Lawrence JG, Groisman EA. Lateral gene transfer and the nature of bacterial innovation. Nature. 2000;405:299.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schaack S, Gilbert C, Feschotte C. Promiscuous DNA: horizontal transfer of transposable elements and why it matters for eukaryotic evolution. Trends Ecol Evol. 2010;25:537–46.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Frost LS, Leplae R, Summers AO, Toussaint A. Mobile genetic elements: the agents of open source evolution. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2005;3:722.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar