Leroith D: Pathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome: implications for the cardiometabolic risks associated with type 2 diabetes. American Journal of Medical Science. 2012, 343: 13-16. 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e31823ea214.
Article
Google Scholar
Grundy SM, Hansen B, Smith SC, Cleeman JI, Kahn RA: American Heart Association; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Diabetes Association. Clinical management of metabolic syndrome: report of the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Diabetes Association conference on scientific issues related to management. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. 2004, 24: e19-e24.
Article
Google Scholar
Sanad M, Gharib A: Evaluation of microalbuminuria in obese children and its relation to metabolic syndrome. Pediatric Nephrology. 2011, 26: 2193-2199. 10.1007/s00467-011-1931-9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Thomas G, Sehgal AR, Kashyap SR, Srinivas TR, Kirwan JP, Navaneethan SD: Metabolic syndrome and kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2011, 6: 2364-2373. 10.2215/CJN.02180311.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cheng HT, Huang JW, Chiang CK, Yen CJ, Hung KY, Wu KD: Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance as Risk Factors for Development of Chronic Kidney Disease and Rapid Decline in Renal Function in Elderly. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2012, 97: 1268-1276. 10.1210/jc.2011-2658.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Johnson PJ: The equine metabolic syndrome peripheral Cushing’s syndrome. Veterinary Clinics of North America Equine Practice. 2002, 18: 271-293. 10.1016/S0749-0739(02)00006-8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Treiber KH, Kronfeld DS, Hess TM, Byrd BM, Splan RK, Staniar WB: Evaluation of genetic and metabolic predispositions and nutritional risk factors for pasture-associated laminitis in ponies. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2006, 228: 1538-1545. 10.2460/javma.228.10.1538.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Frank N, Elliott SB, Brandt LE, Keisler DH: Physical characteristics, blood hormone concentrations, and plasma lipid concentrations in obese horses with insulin resistance. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2006, 228: 1383-1390. 10.2460/javma.228.9.1383.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Frank N: Equine metabolic syndrome. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2009, 29: 259-267. 10.1016/j.jevs.2009.04.183.
Article
Google Scholar
Frank N: Equine metabolic syndrome. Veterinary Clinics of North America Equine Practice. 2011, 27: 73-92. 10.1016/j.cveq.2010.12.004.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jeusette IC, Lhoest ET, Istasse LP, Diez MO: Influence of obesity on plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 2005, 66: 81-86. 10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.81.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
German AJ, Hervera M, Hunter L, Holden SL, Morris PJ, Biourge V, Trayhurn P: Improvement in insulin resistance and reduction in plasma inflammatory adipokines after weight loss in obese dogs. Domestic Animal Endocrinology. 2009, 37: 214-222. 10.1016/j.domaniend.2009.07.001.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yamka RM, Friesen KG, Frantz NZ: Identification of canine markers related to obesity and the effects of weight loss on the markers of interest. International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine. 2006, 4: 282-292.
CAS
Google Scholar
Lund EM, Armstrong PJ, Kirk CA, Klausner JS: Prevalence and risk factors for obesity in adult dogs from private US veterinary practices. International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine. 2006, 4: 177-186.
Google Scholar
Kealy RD, Lawler DF, Ballam JM, Mantz SL, Biery DN, Greeley EH, Lust G, Segre M, Smith GK, Stowe HD: Effects of diet restriction on life span 481 and age-related changes in dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2002, 220: 1315-1320. 10.2460/javma.2002.220.1315.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
German AJ, Holden SL, Bissot T, Hackett RM, Biourge V: Dietary energy restriction and successful weight loss in obese client-owned dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 2007, 21: 1174-1180. 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.tb01934.x.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tvarijonaviciute A, Ceron JJ, Holden SL, Biourge V, Morris PJ, German AJ: Effect of weight loss in obese dogs on a range of renal biomarkers. Journal of Veterinary Internal medicine. 2012, 26: 809.
Google Scholar
German AJ, Holden SL, Bissot T, Morris PJ, Biourge V: A high protein high fibre diet improves weight loss in obese dogs. The Veterinary Journal. 2010, 183: 294-297. 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.12.004.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Laflamme D: Development and validation of a body condition score system for dogs. Canine Practice. 1997, 22: 10-15.
Google Scholar
National Research Council (NRC). Energy: Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats. Washington DC: The National Academies Press; 2006:28–48.
Google Scholar
Raffan E, Holden SL, Cullingham F, Hackett RM, Rawlings JM, German AJ: Standardized positioning is essential for precise determination of body composition using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in dogs. Journal of Nutrition. 2006, 136: 1976-1978.
Google Scholar
International diabetes federation: Worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome. http://www.idf.org/metabolic-syndrome.
International Renal Interest Society: IRIS staging of CKD. http://www.iris-kidney.com/guidelines/en/staging_ckd.shtml.
Tvarijonaviciute A, Martínez-Subiela S, Ceron JJ: Validation of 2 commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for adiponectin determination in canine serum samples. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research. 2010, 74: 279-285.
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Öberg J, Fall T, Lilliehöök I: Validation of a species-optimized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determination of serum concentrations of insulin in dogs. Veterinary Clinical Pathology. 2011, 40: 66-73. 10.1111/j.1939-165X.2011.00283.x.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Parra MD, Tuomola M, Cabezas-Herrera J, Cerón JJ: Analytical and clinical validation of a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (TR-IFMA) for canine C-reactive protein in serum. Veterinary Research Communications. 2006, 30: 113-126.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Liddell FDK: Simplified exact analysis of case-referent studies; matched pairs; dichotomous exposure. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 1983, 37: 82-84. 10.1136/jech.37.1.82.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tvarijonaviciute A, Tecles F, Martínez-Subiela S, Ceron JJ: Effects of weight loss on inflammatory biomarkers in obese dog. Veterinary Journal. 2012, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.02.015.
Google Scholar
World Health Organization: Definition, Diagnosis, and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications: Report of a WHO Consultation. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1999.
Google Scholar
Balkau B, Charles MA, Drivsholm T, Borch-Johnsen K, Wareham N, Yudkin JS, Morris R, Zavaroni I, van Dam R, Feskins E, Gabriel R, Diet M, Nilsson P, Hedblad B, European Group For The Study Of Insulin Resistance (EGIR): Frequency of the WHO metabolic syndrome in European cohorts, and an alternative definition of an insulin resistance syndrome. Diabetes and Metabolism. 2002, 28: 364-376.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Expert Panel on the Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults: Executive summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Journal of the American Medical Association. 2001, 285: 2486-2497. 10.1001/jama.285.19.2486.
Article
Google Scholar
Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, Donato KA, Eckel RH, Franklin BA, Gordon DJ, Krauss RM, Savage PJ, Smith SC, Spertus JA, Costa F: Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation. 2005, 112: 2735-2752. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169404.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chapman MJ: Comparative analysis of mammalian plasma lipoproteins. Methods in Enzymology. 1986, 128: 70-143.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tvarijonaviciute A, Tecles F, Ceron JJ: Relationship between serum butyrylcholinesterase and obesity in dogs: a preliminary report. Veterinary Journal. 2010, 186: 197-200. 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.07.030.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Park YW, Zhu S, Palaniappan L, Heshka S, Carnethon MR, Heymsfield SB: The metabolic syndrome: prevalence and associated risk factor findings in the US population from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2003, 163: 427-436. 10.1001/archinte.163.4.427.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Xydakis AM, Case CC, Jones PH, Hoogeveen RC, Liu MY, Smith EO, Nelson KW, Ballantyne CM: Adiponectin, inflammation, and the expression of the metabolic syndrome in obese individuals: the impact of rapid weight loss through caloric restriction. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2004, 89: 2697-26703. 10.1210/jc.2003-031826.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kahn R: Metabolic syndrome: is it a syndrome? Does it matter?. Circulation. 2007, 115: 1806-10. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.658336.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hotta K, Funahashi T, Bodkin NL, Ortmeyer HK, Arita Y, Hansen BC, Matsuzawa Y: Circulating concentrations of the adipocyte protein adiponectin are decreased in parallel with reduced insulin sensitivity during the progression to type 2 diabetes in rhesus monkeys. Diabetes. 2001, 50: 1126-1133. 10.2337/diabetes.50.5.1126.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zoccali C, Mallamaci F, Tripepi G: Adipose tissue as a source of inflammatory cytokines in health and disease: focus on end-stage renal disease. Kidney International Supplements. 2003, 2003 (84): S65-S68.
Article
Google Scholar
Wakshlag JJ, Struble AM, Levine CB, Bushey JJ, Laflamme DP, Long GM: The effects of weight loss on adipokines and markers of inflammation in dogs. British Journal of Nutrition. 2011, 106: S11-S14. 10.1017/S0007114511000560.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tarkkinen P, Palenius T, Lövgren T: Ultrarapid, ultrasensitive one-step kinetic immunoassay for C-reactive protein (CRP) in whole blood samples: measurement of the entire CRP concentration range with a single sample dilution. Clinical Chemistry. 2002, 48: 269-277.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Verkest KR, Fleeman LM, Morton JM, Ishioka K, Rand JS: Compensation for obesity-induced insulin resistance in dogs: assessment of the effects of leptin, adiponectin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 using path analysis. Domestic Animal Endocrinology. 2011, 41: 24-34. 10.1016/j.domaniend.2011.02.001.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mori N, Lee P, Yamamoto I, Arai T: Elevated plasma adiponectin level and peripheral blood leukocyte adiponectin receptor expression in dogs suffering from insulin deficiency. The Open Veterinary Science Journal. 2012, 6: 1-7. 10.2174/1874318801206010001.
Article
Google Scholar
Radin MJ, Sharkey LC, Holycross BJ: Adipokines: a review of biological and analytical principles and an update in dogs, cats, and horses. Veterinary Clinical Pathology. 2009, 38: 136-156. 10.1111/j.1939-165X.2009.00133.x.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Carpentier YA, Portois L, Malaisse MJ: n-3 Fatty acids and the metabolic syndrome. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2006, 83: 1499S-1504S.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Knudson JD, Dincer D, Bratz IN, Sturek M, Dick GM, Tune JD: Mechanisms of Coronary Dysfunction in Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Microcirculation. 2007, 2007 (14): 317-338.
Article
Google Scholar
Hamaguchi M, Kojima T, Takeda N, Nakagawa T, Taniguchi H, Fujii K, Omatsu T, Nakajima T, Sarui H, Shimazaki M, Kato T, Okuda J, Ida K: The Metabolic Syndrome as a Predictor of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2005, 143: 722-728.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shea JL, Randell EW, Sun G: The prevalence of metabolically healthy obese subjects defined by BMI and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Obesity. 2011, 19: 624-630. 10.1038/oby.2010.174.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
De Fronzo RA, Soman V, Sherwin RS, et al: Insulin binding to monocytes and insulin action in human obesity starvation and refeeding. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1978, 62: 204-213. 10.1172/JCI109108.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Bergman RN, Ider YZ, Bowden CR, et al: Quantitative estimation of insulin sensitivity. American Journal of Physiology. 1979, 236: E667-E677.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar