Holmes AH, Moore LSP, Sundsfjord A, Steinbakk M, Regmi S, Karkey A, et al. Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance. Lancet. 2016;387:176–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Blair JMA, Webber MA, Baylay AJ, Ogbolu DO, Piddock LJV. Molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2015;13:42–51. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3380.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bhullar K, Waglechner N, Pawlowski A, Koteva K, Banks ED, Johnston MD, et al. Antibiotic resistance is prevalent in an isolated cave microbiome. PLoS One. 2012;7:1–11.
Article
Google Scholar
Dcosta VM, King CE, Kalan L, Morar M, Sung WWL, Schwarz C, et al. Antibiotic resistance is ancient. Nature. 2011;477:457–61. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10388.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Hernández J, Stedt J, Bonnedahl J, Molin Y, Drobni M, Calisto-Ulloa N, et al. Human-associated extended-spectrum β-lactamase in the Antarctic. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2012;78:2056–8. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.07320-11.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
European Medicines Agency, European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption 2017. (EMA/184855/2017). Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 30 European countries in 2015. 2017. doi:https://doi.org/10.2809/676974.
Guardabassi L, Schwarz S, Lloyd DH. Pet animals as reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2004;54:321–32. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkh332.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Guardabassi L, Loeber ME, Jacobson A. Transmission of multiple antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus intermedius between dogs affected by deep pyoderma and their owners. Vet Microbiol. 2004;98:23–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2003.09.021.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Weese JS, van Duijkeren E. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in veterinary medicine. Vet Microbiol. 2010;140:418–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.01.039.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Johnson JR, Owens K, Gajewski A, Clabots C. Escherichia coli colonization patterns among human household members and pets, with attention to acute urinary tract infection. J Infect Dis. 2008;197:218–24. https://doi.org/10.1086/524844.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Johnson JR, Johnston B, Clabots CR, Kuskowski MA, Roberts E, DebRoy C. Virulence genotypes and phylogenetic background of Escherichia coli serogroup O6 isolates from humans, dogs, and cats. J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46:417–22. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00674-07.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zhang XF, Doi Y, Huang X, Li HY, Zhong LL, Zeng KJ, et al. Possible transmission of mcr-1-harboring Escherichia coli between companion animals and human. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016;22:1679–81. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2209.160464.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Couto N, Monchique C, Belas A, Marques C, Gama LT, Pomba C. Trends and molecular mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in clinical staphylococci isolated from companion animals over a 16 year period. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2016;71:1479–87.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Paul NC, Moodley A, Ghibaudo G, Guardabassi L. Carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in small animal veterinarians: indirect evidence of zoonotic transmission. Zoonoses Public Health. 2011;58:533–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1863-2378.2011.01398.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Grönthal T, Moodley A, Nykäsenoja S, Junnila J, Guardabassi L, Thomson K, et al. Large outbreak caused by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ST71 in a Finnish veterinary teaching hospital - from outbreak control to outbreak prevention. PLoS One. 2014;9.
Article
Google Scholar
Grönlund Andersson U, Wallensten A, Hæggman S, Greko C, Hedin G, Hökeberg I, et al. Outbreaks of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among staff and dogs in Swedish small animal hospitals. Scand J Infect Dis. 2014;46:310–4. https://doi.org/10.3109/00365548.2013.866267.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Leonard FC, Abbott Y, Rossney A, Quinn PJ, O’Mahony R, Markey BK. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a veterinary surgeon and five dogs in one practice. Vet Rec. 2006;158:155–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.158.5.155.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rojas I, Barquero-Calvo E, van Balen JC, Rojas N, Muñoz-Vargas L, Hoet AE. High prevalence of multidrug-resistant community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at the largest veterinary teaching hospital in Costa Rica. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2017;17:645–53. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2017.2145.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Fleming-Dutra KE, Hersh AL, Shapiro DJ, Bartoces M, Enns EA, File TM, et al. Prevalence of inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions among US ambulatory care visits, 2010-2011. JAMA. 2016;315:1864–73. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.4151.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
CDC. Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2013. 2013; www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/pdf/ar-threats-2013-508.pdf. Accessed 06 Feb 2019.
Singleton DA, Sánchez-Vizcaíno F, Dawson S, Jones PH, Noble PJM, Pinchbeck GL, et al. Patterns of antimicrobial agent prescription in a sentinel population of canine and feline veterinary practices in the United Kingdom. Vet J. 2017;224:18–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.03.010.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Buckland EL, O’Neill D, Summers J, Mateus A, Church D, Redmond L, et al. Characterisation of antimicrobial usage in cats and dogs attending UK primary care companion animal veterinary practices. Vet Rec. 2016;179:489. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.103830.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
De Briyne N, Atkinson J, Borriello SP, Pokludov L. Antibiotics used most commonly to treat animals in Europe. Vet Rec. 2014;175:325.
Article
Google Scholar
Sarrazin S, Vandael F, Van Cleven A, De Graef E, De Rooster H, Dewulf J, et al. The impact of antimicrobial use guidelines on prescription habits in fourteen Flemish small animal practices. VLAAMS Diergeneeskd Tijdschr. 2017;86:173–82.
Google Scholar
Murphy CP, Reid-Smith RJ, Boerlin P, Weese JS, Prescott JF, Janecko N, et al. Out-patient antimicrobial drug use in dogs and cats for new disease events from community companion animal practices in Ontario. Can Vet J. 2012;53:291–8.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Regula G, Torriani K, Gassner B, Stucki F, Müntener CR. Prescription patterns of antimicrobials in veterinary practices in Switzerland. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009;63:805–11.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Escher M, Vanni M, Intorre L, Caprioli A, Tognetti R, Scavia G. Use of antimicrobials in companion animal practice: a retrospective study in a veterinary teaching hospital in Italy. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011;66:920–7. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkq543.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pleydell EJ, Souphavanh K, Hill KE, French NP, Prattley DJ. Descriptive epidemiological study of the use of antimicrobial drugs by companion animal veterinarians in New Zealand. N Z Vet J. 2012;60:115–22.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Thomson KH, Rantala MHJ, Viita-Aho TK, Vainio OM, Kaartinen LA. Condition-based use of antimicrobials in cats in Finland: results from two surveys. J Feline Med Surg. 2009;11:462–6.
Article
Google Scholar
Hardefeldt LY, Selinger J, Stevenson MA, Gilkerson JR, Crabb H, Billman-Jacobe H, et al. Population-wide assessment of antimicrobial use in dogs and cats using a novel data source – a cohort study using pet insurance data. Vet Microbiol. 2018;225:34–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.VETMIC.2018.09.010.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mateus A, Brodbelt DC, Barber N, Stärk KDC. Antimicrobial usage in dogs and cats in first opinion veterinary practices in the UK. J Small Anim Pract. 2011;52:515–21.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Radford AD, Noble PJ, Coyne KP, Gaskell RM, Jones PH, Bryan JGE, et al. Antibacterial prescribing patterns in small animal veterinary practice identified via SAVSNET: the small animal veterinary surveillance network. Vet Rec. 2011;169:310. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.d5062.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Van Cleven A, Sarrazin S, de Rooster H, Paepe D, Van der Meeren S, Dewulf J. Antimicrobial prescribing behaviour in dogs and cats by Belgian veterinarians. Vet Rec. 2018;182:324.
Article
Google Scholar
Hardefeldt LY, Holloway S, Trott DJ, Shipstone M, Barrs VR, Malik R, et al. Antimicrobial prescribing in dogs and cats in Australia: results of the Australasian infectious disease advisory panel survey. J Vet Intern Med. 2017;31:1100–7.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Barbarossa A, Rambaldi J, Miraglia V, Giunti M, Diegoli G, Zaghini A. Survey on antimicrobial prescribing patterns in small animal veterinary practice in Emilia Romagna, Italy. Vet Rec. 2017;181:69.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Jessen LR, Sørensen TM, Lilja ZL, Kristensen M, Hald T, Damborg P. Cross-sectional survey on the use and impact of the Danish national antibiotic use guidelines for companion animal practice. Acta Vet Scand. 2017;59:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-017-0350-8.
Article
Google Scholar
Hughes LA, Williams N, Clegg P, Callaby R, Nuttall T, Coyne K, et al. Cross-sectional survey of antimicrobial prescribing patterns in UK small animal veterinary practice. Prev Vet Med. 2012;104:309–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.12.003.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Weese JS. Investigation of antimicrobial use and the impact of antimicrobial use guidelines in a small animal veterinary teaching hospital: 1995-2004. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2006;228:553–8. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.228.4.553.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hölsö K, Rantala M, Lillas A, Eerikäinen S, Huovinen P, Kaartinen L. Prescribing antimicrobial agents for dogs and cats via university pharmacies in Finland-patterns and quality of information. Acta Vet Scand. 2005;46:87–93.
Article
Google Scholar
Peter R, Müntener C, Demuth D, Heim D, Mevissen M, Schüpbach-Regula G, et al. AntibioticScout: Online tool for antimicrobial stewardship in veterinary medicine. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd. 2016;158:805–10. https://doi.org/10.17236/sat00095.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Peter R, Demuth D, Müntener C, Lampart M, Heim D, Mevissen M, et al. AntibioticScout.ch: A decision supporting tool for antimicrobial stewardship: application to companion animal medicine. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd. 2017;159:525–33. https://doi.org/10.17236/sat00129.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Burke S, Black V, Sánchez-Vizcaíno F, Radford A, Hibbert A, Tasker S. Use of cefovecin in a UK population of cats attending first-opinion practices as recorded in electronic health records. J Feline Med Surg. 2017;19:687–92. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X16656706.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schönenberger AC. Motivation von Kleintierärzten für die Verschreibung von Antibiotika: University of Zurich; 2012.
Mateus ALP, Brodbelt DC, Barber N, Stärk KDC. Qualitative study of factors associated with antimicrobial usage in seven small animal veterinary practices in the UK. Prev Vet Med. 2014;117:68–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.05.007.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
De Briyne N, Atkinson J, Pokludová L, Borriello SP, Price S. Factors influencing antibiotic prescribing habits and use of sensitivity testing amongst veterinarians in Europe. Vet Rec. 2013;173:475.
Article
Google Scholar
Lappin MR, Blondeau J, Boothe D, Breitschwerdt EB, Guardabassi L, Lloyd DH, et al. Antimicrobial use guidelines for treatment of respiratory tract disease in dogs and cats: antimicrobial guidelines working group of the International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Diseases. J Vet Intern Med. 2017;31:279–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.14627.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Litster AL, Wu CC, Constable PD. Comparison of the efficacy of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefovecin, and doxycycline in the treatment of upper respiratory tract disease in cats housed in an animal shelter. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2012;241:218–26. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.241.2.218.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jacoby GA. AmpC Β-Lactamases. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2009;22:161–82.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kitzis MD, Ferré B, Coutrot A, Acar JF, Gutmann L. In vitro activity of combinations of beta-lactam antibiotics with beta-lactamase inhibitors against cephalosporinase-producing bacteria. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1989;8:783–8.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
CliniPharm. Institute for Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zurich. 2019. https://www.vetpharm.uzh.ch/wir/00002678/7780__f.htm. Accessed 15 Nov 2018.
Mistry RD, Shapiro DJ, Goyal MK, Zaoutis TE, Gerber JS, Liu C, et al. Clinical management of skin and soft tissue infections in the U.S. emergency departments. West J Emerg Med. 2014;15:491–8. https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2014.4.20583.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Llera JL, Levy RC. Treatment of cutaneous abscess: a double-blind clinical study. Ann Emerg Med. 1985;14:15–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-0644(85)80727-7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rajendran PM, Young D, Maurer T, Chambers H, Perdreau-Remington F, Ro P, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of cephalexin for treatment of uncomplicated skin abscesses in a population at risk for community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007;51:4044–8. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00377-07.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hankin A, Everett WW. Are antibiotics necessary after incision and drainage of a cutaneous abscess? Ann Emerg Med. 2007;50:49–51.
Article
Google Scholar
Duong M, Markwell S, Peter J, Barenkamp S. Randomized, controlled trial of antibiotics in the management of community-acquired skin abscesses in the pediatric patient. Ann Emerg Med. 2010;55:401–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ANNEMERGMED.2009.03.014.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bergvall K, Greko C, Ingman J, Larsson CI, Mannerfeldt T, Odensvik K, et al. Swedish Veterinary Association Guidelines for the clinical use of antibiotics in the treatment of dogs and cats. 2010. http://www.svf.se/Documents/S%C3%A4llskapet/Sm%C3%A5djurssektionen/Policy%20ab%20english%2010b.pdf
Jessen LR, Damborg PP, Spohr A, Schjøth B, Wiinberg B, Houser G, et al. Antibiotic use guidelines for companion animal practice. The Danish Small Animal Veterinary Association, SvHKS, Nov. 2012. https://www.ddd.dk/sektioner/familiedyr/antibiotikavejledning/Documents/AntibioticGuidelines%20-%20v1.4_jun15.pdf.
Holloway S, Trott D, Shipstone M, Barrs V, Malik R, Burrows M. Antibiotic prescribing detailed guidelines. Australasian Infectious Diseases Advisory Panel; 2013. https://www.ava.com.au/sites/default/files/AVA_website/pdfs/AIDAP%20prescribing%20guidelines.pdf.
Weese JS, Blondeau JM, Boothe D, Breitschwerdt EB, Guardabassi L, Hillier A, et al. Antimicrobial use guidelines for treatment of urinary tract disease in dogs and cats: antimicrobial guidelines working group of the International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Diseases. Vet Med Int. 2011;2011:1–9. https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/263768.
Article
Google Scholar
Sørensen TM, Bjørnvad CR, Cordoba G, Damborg P, Guardabassi L, Siersma V, et al. Effects of diagnostic work-up on medical decision-making for canine urinary tract infection: an observational study in Danish small animal practices. J Vet Intern Med. 2018;32:743–51.
Article
Google Scholar
Way LI, Sullivan LA, Johnson V, Morley PS. Comparison of routine urinalysis and urine gram stain for detection of bacteriuria in dogs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care. 2013;23:23–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.12012.
Article
Google Scholar
O’Neil E, Horney B, Burton S, Lewis PJ, MacKenzie A, Stryhn H. Comparison of wet-mount, Wright-Giemsa and gram-stained urine sediment for predicting bacteriuria in dogs and cats. Can Vet J. 2013;54:1061–6.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Swenson CL, Boisvert AM, Kruger JM, Gibbons-burgener SN. Evaluation of modified Wright-staining for accurate detection of bacteriuria in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2004;224:1282–9.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Brložnik M, Šterk K, Zdovc I. Prevalence and resistance patterns of canine uropathogens in regard to concurrent diseases. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2016;129:340–50. https://doi.org/10.2376/0005-9366-15109.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Defauw PA, Van de Maele I, Duchateau L, Polis IE, Saunders JH, Daminet S. Risk factors and clinical presentation of cats with feline idiopathic cystitis. J Feline Med Surg. 2011;13:967–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2011.08.001.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kruger JM, Osborne CA, Goyal SM, Wickstrom SL, Johnston GR, Fletcher TF, et al. Clinical evaluation of cats with lower urinary tract disease. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1991;199:211–6.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Buffington CA, Chew DJ, Kendall MS, Scrivani PV, Thompson SB, Blaisdell JL, et al. Clinical evaluation of cats with nonobstructive urinary tract diseases. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1997;210:46–50.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Orenstein R, Wong ES. Urinary Tract Infections in Adults. Am Fam Physician. 1999;59:1225–1234, 1237.
World Health Organization. WHO list of critically important antimicrobials for human medicine (WHO CIA list). 2017. http://who.int/foodsafety/publications/antimicrobials-fifth/en/. Accessed 11 Nov 2018.
DePestel DD, Eiland EH, Lusardi K, Destache CJ, Mercier RC, McDaneld PM, et al. Assessing appropriateness of antimicrobial therapy: in the eye of the interpreter. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59(Suppl 3):S154–61. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciu548.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
AntibioticScout. Institute for Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zurich. 2019. http://www.vetpharm.uzh.ch/abscout/. Accessed 15 Nov 2018.