Morton AJ, Blikslager AT. Surgical and postoperative factors influencing short-term survival of horses following small intestinal resection: 92 cases (1994–2001). Equine Vet J. 2002;34(5):450–4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mair TS, Smith LJ. Survival and complication rates in 300 horses undergoing surgical treatment of colic. Part 2: Short-term complications. Equine Vet J. 2005;37(4):303–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Torfs S, Delesalle C, Dewulf J, Devisscher L, Deprez P. Risk factors for equine postoperative ileus and effectiveness of prophylactic lidocaine. J Vet Intern Med. 2009;23(3):606–11.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Archer DC, Pinchbeck GL, Proudman CJ. Factors associated with survival of epiploic foramen entrapment colic: a multicentre, international study. Equine Vet J. 2011;43:56–62.
Article
Google Scholar
Geest J, Vlaminck K, Muyelle E, Deprez P, Sustronck B, Picavet MT. A clinical study of cisapride in horses after colic surgery. Equine Vet Educ. 1991;3:138–42.
Article
Google Scholar
Gerring EL, King JN, Edwards GB, Pearson H, Walmsley JP, Greet TRC. A multicentre trial of cisapride in the prophylaxis of equine post operative ileus. Equine Vet Educ. 1991;3(3):143–5.
Article
Google Scholar
van der Velden MA, Klein WR. The effects of cisapride on the restoration of gut motility after surgery of the small intestine in horses; a clinical trial. Vet Q. 1993;15(4):175–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cohen ND, Faber NA, Brumbaugh GW. Use of bethanechol and metoclopramide in horses with duodenitis/proximal jejunitis: 13 cases (1987–1993). J Equine Vet Sci. 1995;15(11):492–4.
Article
Google Scholar
Dart AJ, Peauroi JR, Hodgson DR, Pascoe JR. Efficacy of metoclopramide for treatment of ileus in horses following small intestinal surgery: 70 cases (1989–1992). Aust Vet J. 1996;74(4):280–4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brianceau P, Chevalier H, Karas A, Court MH, Bassage L, Kirker-Head C, Provost P, Paradis MR. Intravenous lidocaine and small-intestinal size, abdominal fluid, and outcome after colic surgery in horses. J Vet Intern Med. 2002;16(6):736–41.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Malone E, Ensink J, Turner T, Wilson J, Andrews F, Keegan K, Lumsden J. Intravenous continuous infusion of lidocaine for treatment of equine ileus. Vet Surg. 2006;35(1):60–6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nieto JE, Rakestraw PC, Snyder JR, Vatistas NJ. In vitro effects of erythromycin, lidocaine, and metoclopramide on smooth muscle from the pyloric antrum, proximal portion of the duodenum, and middle portion of the jejunum of horses. Am J Vet Res. 2000;61(4):413–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Milligan M, Beard W, Kukanich B, Sobering T, Waxman S. The effect of lidocaine on postoperative jejunal motility in normal horses. Vet Surg. 2007;36(3):214–20.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cook VL, Neuder LE, Blikslager AT, Jones SL. The effect of lidocaine on in vitro adhesion and migration of equine neutrophils. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2009;129(1–2):137–42.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cook VL, Shults JJ, McDowell M, Campbell NB, Davis JL, Blikslager AT. Attenuation of ischaemic injury in the equine jejunum by administration of systemic lidocaine. Equine Vet J. 2008;40(4):353–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Okamura K, Sasaki N, Yamada M, Yamada H, Inokuma H. Effects of mosapride citrate, metoclopramide hydrochloride, lidocaine hydrochloride, and cisapride citrate on equine gastric emptying, small intestinal and caecal motility. Res Vet Sci. 2009;86(2):302–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kranke P, Jokinen J, Pace NL, Schnabel A, Hollmann MW, Hahnenkamp K, Eberhart LH, Poepping DM, Weibel S. Continuous intravenous perioperative lidocaine infusion for postoperative pain and recovery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jul 16;(7):CD009642. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009642.pub2.
Harrison DC, Sprouse JH, Morrow AG. The antiarrythmic properties of lidocaine and procaine amide. Clinical and physiological studies for their cardiovascular effects in man. Circulation. 1963;28:486–91.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Traut U, Brügger L, Kunz R, Pauli-Magnus C, Haug K, Bucher HC, Koller MT. Systemic prokinetic pharmacologic treatment for postoperative adynamic ileus following abdominal surgery in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Jan 23;(1):CD004930. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004930.pub3.
Cook VL, Blikslager AT. Use of systemically administered lidocaine in horses with gastrointestinal tract disease. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2008;232(8):1144–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rusiecki KE, Nieto JE, Puchalski SM, Snyder JR. Evaluation of continuous infusion of lidocaine on gastrointestinal tract function in normal horses. Vet Surg. 2008;37(6):564–70.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tappenbeck K, Hoppe S, Reichert C, Feige K, Huber K. In vitro effects of lidocaine on contractility of circular and longitudinal equine intestinal smooth muscle. Vet J. 2013;198(1):170–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tappenbeck K, Hoppe S, Hopster K, Kietzmann M, Feige K, Huber K. Lidocaine and structure-related mexiletine induce similar contractility-enhancing effects in ischaemia–reperfusion injured equine intestinal smooth muscle in vitro. Vet J. 2013;196(3):461–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Guschlbauer M, Feige K, Geburek F, Hoppe S, Hopster K, Propsting MJ, Huber K. Effects of in vivo lidocaine administration at the time of ischemia and reperfusion on in vitro contractility of equine jejunal smooth muscle. Am J Vet Res. 2011;72(11):1449–55.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Salem SE, Proudman CJ, Archer DC. Prevention of postoperative complications following surgical treatment of equine colic: current evidence. Equine Vet J. 2016;48:143–51.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lefebvre D, Pirie RS, Handel IG, Tremaine WH, Hudson NPH. Clinical features and management of equine post operative ileus: Survey of diplomates of the European Colleges of Equine Internal Medicine (ECEIM) and Veterinary Surgeons (ECVS). Equine Vet J 2015. doi:10.1111/evj.12355
Proudman CJ, Edwards GB, Barnes J. Differential survival in horses requiring end-to-end jejunojejunal anastomosis compared to those requiring side-to-side jejunocaecal anastomosis. Equine Vet J. 2007;39(2):181–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Freeman DE. Post operative ileus (POI): another perspective. Equine Vet J. 2008;40(4):297–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Merritt AM, Blikslager AT. Post operative ileus: to be or not to be? Equine Vet J. 2008;40(4):295–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stewart S, Southwood LL, Aceto HW. Comparison of short- and long-term complications and survival following jejunojejunostomy, jejunoileostomy and jejunocaecostomy in 112 horses: 2005–2010. Equine Vet J. 2014;46(3):333–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gazzerro DM, Southwood LL, Lindborg S. Short-term complications after colic surgery in geriatric versus mature Non-geriatric horses. Vet Surg. 2015;44(2):256–64.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
French NP, Smith J, Edwards GB, Proudman CJ. Equine surgical colic: risk factors for postoperative complications. Equine Vet J. 2002;34(5):444–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Proudman CJ, Smith JE, Edwards GB, French NP. Long-term survival of equine surgical colic cases. Part 2: modelling postoperative survival. Equine Vet J. 2002;34(5):438–43.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sauerbrei W, Royston P, Binder H. Selection of important variables and determination of functional form for continuous predictors in multivariable model building. Stat Med. 2007;26(30):5512–28.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Proudman CJ, Edwards GB, Barnes J, French NP. Modelling long-term survival of horses following surgery for large intestinal disease. Equine Vet J. 2005;37(4):366–70.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Therneau TM, Grambsch PM. Penalised models. In: Modelling sruvival data: extending the Cox model. New York: Springer; 2000. p. 120–6.
Chapter
Google Scholar
Therneau T: A Package for Survival Analysis in S_. version 2.38, URL:https://cran.r-project.org. 2015.
R Core Team: R. A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2014.
Google Scholar
Grambsch PM, Therneau TM. Proportional hazards tests and diagnostics based on weighted residuals. Biometrika. 1994;81(3):515–26.
Article
Google Scholar
Fitrianto A, Jiin RLT. Several types of residuals in cox regression model: an empirical study. Int J Math Anal. 2013;7:2645–54.
Google Scholar
Blikslager AT, Bowman K, Levine JF, Bristol DG, Roberts MC. Evaluation of factors associated with postoperative ileus in horses: 31 cases (1990–1992). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1994;205(12):1748–52.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cohen ND, Lester GD, Sanchez LC, Merritt AM, Roussel AJJ. Evaluation of risk factors associated with development of postoperative ileus in horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2004;225(7):1070–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Proudman CJ, Smith JE, Edwards GB, French NP. Long-term survival of equine surgical colic cases. Part 1: patterns of mortality and morbidity. Equine Vet J. 2002;34(5):432–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Freeman DE, Hammock P, Baker GJ, Goetz T, Foreman JH, Schaeffer DJ, Richter RA, Inoue O, Magid JH. Short- and long-term survival and prevalence of postoperative ileus after small intestinal surgery in the horse. Equine Vet J Suppl. 2000;32:42–51.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Garcia-Seco E, Wilson DA, Kramer J, Keegan KG, Branson KR, Johnson PJ, Tyler JW. Prevalence and risk factors associated with outcome of surgical removal of pedunculated lipomas in horses: 102 cases (1987–2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2005;226(9):1529–37.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
van den Boom R, van der Velden MA. Short-and long-term evaluation of surgical treatment of strangulating obstructions of the small intestine in horses: a review of 224 cases. Vet Q. 2001;23(3):109–15.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sun Y, Li T, Wang N, Yun Y, Gan TJ. Perioperative systemic lidocaine for postoperative analgesia and recovery after abdominal surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Dis Colon Rectum. 2012;55(11):1183–94.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ventham NT, Kennedy ED, Brady RR, Paterson HM, Speake D, Foo I, Fearon KC. Efficacy of intravenous lidocaine for postoperative analgesia following laparoscopic surgery: a meta-analysis. World J Surg. 2015;39(9):2220–34.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Marret E, Rolin M, Beaussier M, Bonnet F. Meta-analysis of intravenous lidocaine and postoperative recovery after abdominal surgery. Br J Surg. 2008;95(11):1331–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Reeves MJ, Curtis CR, Salman MD, Hilbert BJ. Prognosis in equine colic patients using multivariable analysis. Can J Vet Res. 1989;53(1):87–94.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Christophersen MT, Dupont N, Berg-Sorensen KS, Konnerup C, Pihl TH, Andersen PH. Short-term survival and mortality rates in a retrospective study of colic in 1588 Danish horses. Acta Vet Scand. 2014;56:20.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Proudman CJ, Edwards GB, Barnes J, French NR. Factors affecting long-term survival of horses recovering from surgery of the small intestine. Equine Vet J. 2005;37(4):360–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar