NRC. Nutrient requirements of poultry. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1994. p. 155.
Gitzelmann R, Auriccio S. The handling of soya alpha-galactosides by a normal and a galactosemic child. Pediatrics. 1965;36:231–5.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Coon CN, Leske K, Akavanichan O, Cheng T. Effect of oligosaccharide-free soybean meal on true metabolizable energy and fiber digestion in adult roosters. Poult Sci. 1990;69(5):787–93.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Leske K, Zhang B, Coon C. The use of low alpha-galactoside protein products as a protein source in chicken diets. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 1995;54(1–4):275–86.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Pan B, Li D, Piao X, Zhang L, Guo L. Effect of dietary supplementation with α-galactosidase preparation and stachyose on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal bacterial populations of piglets. Arch Anim Nutr. 2002;56(5):327–37.
CAS
Google Scholar
Sugimoto H, BUREN JV. Removal of oligosaccharides from soy milk by an enzyme from Aspergillus saitoi. J Food Sci. 1970;35(5):655–60.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Brenes A, Marquardt R, Guenter W, Rotter B. Effect of enzyme supplementation on the nutritional value of raw, autoclaved, and dehulled lupins (Lupinus albus) in chicken diets. Poult Sci. 1993;72(12):2281–93.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brenes A, Rotter B, Marquardt R, Guenter W. The nutritional value of raw, autoclaved and dehulled peas (Pisum sativum L.) in chicken diets as affected by enzyme supplementation. Can J Anim Sci. 1993;73(3):605–14.
Article
Google Scholar
Brufau J, Nogareda C, Perez-Vendrell A, Francesch M, Esteve-Garcia E. Effect of Trichoderma viride enzymes in pelleted broiler diets based on barley. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 1991;34(3–4):193–202.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Almirall M, Esteve-Garcia E. In vitro stability of a β-glucanase preparation from Trichoderma longibrachiatum and its effect in a barley based diet fed to broiler chicks. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 1995;54(1–4):149–58.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Almirall M, Francesch M, Perez-Vendrell AM, Brufau J, Esteve-Garcia E. The differences in intestinal viscosity produced by barley and β-glucanase alter digesta enzyme activities and ileal nutrient digestibilities more in broiler chicks than in cocks. J Nutr. 1995;125(4):947–55.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Steenfeldt S, Müllertz A, Jensen JF. Enzyme supplementation of wheat-based diets for broilers: 1. Effect on growth performance and intestinal viscosity. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 1998;75(1):27–43.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Zanella I, Sakomura N, Silversides F, Fiqueirdo A, Pack M. Effect of enzyme supplementation of broiler diets based on corn and soybeans. Poult Sci. 1999;78(4):561–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dänicke S, Jeroch H, Böttcher W, Simon O. Interactions between dietary fat type and enzyme supplementation in broiler diets with high pentosan contents: effects on precaecal and total tract digestibility of fatty acids, metabolizability of gross energy, digesta viscosity and weights of small intestine. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 2000;84(3–4):279–94.
Article
Google Scholar
Salobir J. Effect of xylanase alone and in combination with -glucanase on energy utilisation, nutrient utilisation and intestinal viscosity of broilers fed diets based on two wheat samples. Archiv fur Geflugelkunde. 1998;62:209–13.
CAS
Google Scholar
Choct M, Hughes R, Bedford M. Effects of a xylanase on individual bird variation, starch digestion throughout the intestine, and ileal and caecal volatile fatty acid production in chickens fed wheat. Br Poult Sci. 1999;40(3):419–22.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Steenfeldt S, Hammershøj M, Müllertz A, Jensen JF. Enzyme supplementation of wheat-based diets for broilers: 2. Effect on apparent metabolisable energy content and nutrient digestibility. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 1998;75(1):45–64.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kidd M, Morgan G, Price C, Welch P, Fontana E. Enzyme supplementation to corn and soybean meal diets for broilers. J Appl Poult Res. 2001;10(1):65–70.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Leske KL, Akavanichan O, Cheng T, Coon C. Effect of ethanol extract on nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy for soybean meal with broilers and roosters. Poult Sci. 1991;70(4):892–5.
Article
Google Scholar
Marsman G, Gruppen H, Van der Poel A, Kwakkel R, Verstegen M, Voragen A. The effect of thermal processing and enzyme treatments of soybean meal on growth performance, ileal nutrient digestibilities, and chyme characteristics in broiler chicks. Poult Sci. 1997;76(6):864–72.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jackson M. Mannanase, alpha-galactosidase and pectinase. Enzymes in farm animal Nutrition, vol. 2; 2010.
Google Scholar
Knap I, Ohmann A, Dale N. Improved bioavailability of energy and growth performance from adding alpha-galactosidase (from Aspergillus sp.) to soybean meal-based diets. Proc Aust Poultry Sci. 1996;153:156.
Google Scholar
Kidd M, Morgan G Jr, Zumwalt C, Price C, Welch P, Brinkhaus F, Fontana E. α-Galactosidase enzyme supplementation to corn and soybean meal broiler diets. J Appl Poult Res. 2001;10(2):186–93.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Wang C, Lu W, Li D, Xing J. Effects of alpha-galactosidase supplementation to corn-soybean meal diets on nutrient utilization, performance, serum indices and organ weight in broilers. Asian Australas J Anim Sci. 2005;18(12):1761–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Pubols MH. The effects of α-galactosidase on energy values of soybean meal rations. Poult Sci. 1993;72:126.
Google Scholar
Ghazi S, Rooke J, Galbraith H, Morgan A. Effect of adding protease and alpha-galactosidase enzymes to soyabean meal on nitrogen retention and True Metabolisable Energy in broilers. Br Poult Sci (United Kingdom). 1997;38:S25–S45.
Irish G, Barbour G, Classen H, Tyler R, Bedford M. Removal of the α-galactosides of sucrose from soybean meal using either ethanol extraction or exogenous α-galactosidase and broiler performance. Poult Sci. 1995;74(9):1484–94.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Igbasan F, Guenter W, Slominski B. The effect of pectinase and α-galactosidase supplementation on the nutritive value of peas for broiler chickens. Can J Anim Sci. 1997;77(3):537–9.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Ao T, Cantor A, Pescatore A, Ford M, Pierce J, Dawson K. Effect of enzyme supplementation and acidification of diets on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of broiler chicks. Poult Sci. 2009;88(1):111–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Swift M, Van Keyserlingk M, Leslie A, Teltge D. The effect of Allzyme Vegpro supplementation and expander processing on the nutrient digestibility and growth of broilers. In: 12th Annual Symposium on Biotechnology in the Feed Industry Lexington, Kentucky Supplement, vol. 1996; 1996.
Google Scholar
Kocher A, Choct M, Porter M, Broz J. Effects of feed enzymes on nutritive value of soyabean meal fed to broilers. Br Poult Sci. 2002;43(1):54–63.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Graham K, Kerley M, Firman J, Allee G. The effect of enzyme treatment of soybean meal on oligosaccharide disappearance and chick growth performance. Poult Sci. 2002;81(7):1014–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kocher A, Choct M, Ross G, Broz J, Chung T. Effects of enzyme combinations on apparent metabolizable energy of corn-soybean meal-based diets in broilers. J Appl Poult Res. 2003;12(3):275–83.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Bedford M. Advances in application of feed enzymes in poultry feed. In: Proceedings of Finnfeeds International/Pharmo Chemistry Australian Seminar, 1996: 1996; 1996. p. 13–24.
Google Scholar
Schang M. Effect of soya enzyme supplement on performance of broilers fed corn/soy or corn/soy/full-fat soy diets. Poult Sci. 1997;76(1):S117.
Article
Google Scholar
Gilbert ER, Li H, Emmerson DA, Webb KE Jr, Wong EA. Dietary protein quality and feed restriction influence abundance of nutrient transporter mRNA in the small intestine of broiler chicks. J Nutr. 2008;138(2):262–71.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Additives EPo, Feed PoSuiA. Scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of AGal-pro (alpha-galactosidase and endo-1, 4-beta-glucanase) as a feed additive for chickens reared for laying and minor poultry species for fattening. EFSA J. 2013;11(7):3286.
Google Scholar
Aviagen R. Ross Broiler Management Manual, vol. 9; 2009. http://ptaviagen.com/assets/Tech_Center/Ross_Broiler/Ross_Broiler_Manual_2014. p. 350–64.
Google Scholar
Wanger D, Furrow R, Bradly B. Sub chronic toxicity of growth promoters in broiler chickens. Vet Path. 1983;20:253–359.
Google Scholar
Brody S. Bioenergetics and growth: with special reference to the efficiency complex in domestic animals; 1945.
Google Scholar
McDonald P, Edwards R, Greenhalgh J. Animal Nutrition. ELBS. In: Longman; 1987.
Google Scholar
Siriwan P, Bryden W, Mollah Y, Annison E. Measurement of endogenous amino acid losses in poultry. Br Poult Sci. 1993;34(5):939–49.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Li X, Ni Gusti Ayu M, Zhang D, Bryden W. Apparent ileal amino acid digestibility of Australian sorghum; 2006.
Google Scholar
Ravindran G, Bryden W. Tryptophan determination in proteins and feedstuffs by ion exchange chromatography. Food Chem. 2005;89(2):309–14.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Fenton T, Fenton M. An improved procedure for the determination of chromic oxide in feed and feces. Can J Anim Sci. 1979;59(3):631–4.
Article
Google Scholar
Association AVM. AVMA guidelines for the euthanasia of animals: 2013 edition. Schaumburg, IL: American Veterinary Medical Association; 2013.
Google Scholar
Allain CC, Poon LS, Chan CS, Richmond W, Fu PC. Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol. Clin Chem. 1974;20(4):470–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
McGowan M, Artiss JD, Strandbergh DR, Zak B. A peroxidase-coupled method for the colorimetric determination of serum triglycerides. Clin Chem. 1983;29(3):538–42.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vassault A, Grafmeyer D, Naudin C, Dumont G, Bailly M, Henny J, Gerhardt M, Georges P. Protocole de validation de techniques. Ann Biol Clin. 1986;44(686):45.
Google Scholar
Garlich J. Chicken serum alkaline phosphatase: application of a kinetic assay and investigation of phenylalanine and homoarginine as selective inhibitors. Poult Sci. 1974;53(3):957–63.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
El-Telbany M, Atallah S. Some culture factors affecting the productive and economic efficiency of Mugil capito nursing in earthen pond system 9 th scientific Cingrees. Fac of Vet Med Assiut Univ. 2000;46:19–20.
Google Scholar
Dunning R, Daniels H. Hybrid striped bass production in ponds: enterprise budget: southern regional aquaculture center; 2001.
Google Scholar
North M, Bell D. Breeder management. Connecticut: Commercial Chicken Production Manual The Avi Publishing Company Inc Westport; 1984. p. 240–321.
Google Scholar