Skip to main content
Download PDF

First investigation of Staphylococcus argenteus in a Brazilian collections of S. aureus isolated from bovine mastitis

BMC Veterinary Research volume 16, Article number: 252 (2020) Cite this article

Abstract

Background

Staphylococcus argenteus is a new specie positive coagulase staphylococci. We investigate the presence of S. argenteus in isolates previously classified as S. aureus, obtained from the milk of cows with mastitis in Brazil.

Results

Among 856 S. aureus tested in chocolate agar, tryptone soya agar and salt egg yolk agar, white or colorless colonies were observed in 185 (21.6%) isolates. Regarding the ctrOPQMN operon, 111 (60%) presented the complete cluster. Despite some missing genes in this cluster, the remaining strains (74) were confirmed as S. aureus using the nrps gene.

Conclusions

As far as we know, this is the first review of S. aureus collection in Brazil and S. argenteus does not appear to be a significant problem in Brazilian herds.

Background

Mastitis is a common disease in dairy herds, causing large declines in profitability and harmful effects on animal welfare [1]. It can be caused by a variety of microorganisms and Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important pathogens isolated from the milk of cows with subclinical mastitis [2].

In 2015 whole genome sequencing (WGS) confirmed that isolates from several clonal S. aureus lineages were sufficiently divergent to be designated as separate coagulase-positive species, included in S. aureus complex (SAC). While S. schweitzeri appears to be predominantly associated with wildlife, being restricted to Sub-Saharan Africa [3], S. argenteus has been reported worldwide [4,5,6,7,8,9,10] and is predominantly human-associated, although their recovery from several animals already occurred [3]. This new species had already been described before S. aureus like CC75/ST 75 [11], with an evolutionary sequence very distant from other S. aureus strains. Nonetheless, S. argenteus presents more than 60 CC, such as CC2196 (35 STs), followed by CC1594 (12 STs), CC2198 (7 STs), CC75 (5 STs), and CC2793 (2 STs) [6, 12, 13].

S. argenteus has an average nucleotide identity of 87.4%, corresponding to a DNA-DNA hybridization value of 33.5% compared to S. aureus [12, 14]. S. argenteus shares most of the major virulence factors of S. aureus, such as staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) [15] Antimicrobial resistance genes such as mecA have also been found in S. argenteus [16, 17] indicating the presence of mobile genetic islands and horizontal gene transition.

Phenotypic differences could be observed after growth in chocolate agar, tryptone soya agar (TSA) and salt egg yolk agar (SEY), as only S. aureus has a carotenoid pigment named staphyloxanthin [7, 12, 18] The operon crtOPQMN is responsible for coding the enzymes CrtO, CrtP, CrtQ, CrtM and CrtN, which are essential for staphyloxanthin synthesis [19] and the failure of any of these enzymes leads to the production of white colonies by S. argenteus in most agar media [9].

Genotypically, both the specific thermonuclease gene, nuc and 16S rRNA genes, which are used for confirmation of the S. aureus species, have identical sequences compared to S. argenteus [6]. But there is a genetic difference that can be used as a discriminative method based on deletion of 60 amino acids in the sequence of S. aureus nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS), which does not occur in S. argenteus. Zhang et al. [9] discovered this deletion by comparing open-reading frames of S. aureus NCTC 8325 (GenBank no. NC_007795) and S. argenteus MSHR 1132 T (GenBank no. NC_016941) genomes, using BLAST algorithm. These genomic comparisons confirmed the presence of the intact NRPS gene in S. argenteus. Otherwise, more elaborate techniques are needed to discriminate S. argenteus from S. aureus, such as multilocus sequence typing (MLST) [9, 20].

Reports of this new species and improvements in identification techniques are still recent and therefore strains previously classified as S. aureus may be reclassified as S. argenteus according to the new characteristics.

Thus, the objective of the study was to investigate the presence of S. argenteus in isolates previously classified as S. aureus, obtained from the milk of cows with clinical or subclinical mastitis in different regions of Brazil.

Results

Among the 856 strains (S1 Table) that were seeded onto the different agars, 185 (21.6%) had colonies that were white or colorless, but definitely not yellow. Interestingly, none of the 10 isolates from the state of Rio de Janeiro presented pigmentation, as indicated in Table 1. Among 185 non-pigmented strains, 60% of isolates (N = 111/185) presented the complete operon (Table 1). The crtQ gene was the most frequent, present in 157 out of 185 isolates (84.9%) (S2 Table).

Table 1 Presence of the operon crtOPQMN genes among non-pigmented S. aureus strains isolated from the milk of cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis, in different states in Brazil
Full size table

Considering all genes that make up the staphyloxanthin operon (crtO, crtP, crtQ, crtM, crtN), 74 out of 185 (40%) non-pigmented isolates did not present at least one of them, and crtO was the least frequent, according to Table 2.

Table 2 Genotypic profiles of operon crtOPQMN among non-pigmented S. aureus strains isolated from milk of cows with clinical or subclinical mastitis
Full size table

The nrps gene was searched only in strains lacking at least one of the staphyloxanthin operon genes. All 74 strains presented amplicons of approximately 160 bp, considered to be S. aureus according to Zhang et al. [9] as S. aureus has a deletion in this gene while S. argenteus has a product of approximately 340 bp. As all strains were confirmed to be S. aureus, no MLST was required.

Discussion

S. argenteus has been found in other regions of the world in human and animal isolates [3, 9, 21]. However, to date, this microorganism has not been reported in Brazil. According to Moradigaravand et al. [22], S. argenteus presents genes associated with plasmids and other mobile genetic elements previously observed with livestock-associated S. aureus, suggesting the need for further research into the presence of S. argenteus in dairy herds.

Among the 856 S. aureus this study, none were reclassified as S. argenteus, indicating the absence or low incidence of this new species in Brazilian herds. The Amazon is considered one of three main hot spots in the world, along with Australia and Southeast Asia [3] so it is important to research this new species in Brazil since the presence of a hot spot facilitates the spread of this bacteria.

Until now, few collections of S. aureus strains were retrospectively analyzed for the study of S. argenteus using culture media such as TSA [9] or chocolate agar [7]. SEY agar had been used only in isolation procedures for visualization of white colonies [18]. As a screening method, this phenotypic test, does not seem to be appropriate as we tested 856 isolates of bovine mastitis milk, with 185 (21.6%) non-pigmented and none of them were S. argenteus. Zhang et al. [9] tested 839 S. aureus isolated from food products, healthy humans and hospital infections in TSA, and 89 (10.6%) had white colonies, but only six of them (6.7%) were confirmed to be S. argenteus. Arguidin et al. [7] tested 1903 strains of S. aureus isolated from human infections in chocolate agar and found 73 (3.8%) non-pigmented isolates, but only three (4%) were S. argenteus.

Most (60%) of the non-pigmented S. aureus isolates from this study presented all operon crtOPQMN genes as did those in Zhang et al. [9] who detected the complete crtOPQMN operon in all their non-pigmented S. aureus. In those cases, the lack of pigmentation did not occur due to the absence of one of the genes so other factors must be involved in its expression or regulation.

Kitagawa et al. [23] investigated the absence of the crtM gene to confirm S. argenteus species but, as observed in this study, 46 strains confirmed as S. aureus also did not present the crtM gene, indicating that its absence is not an exclusive feature of S. argenteus.

Using the nrps gene [9], all non-pigmented isolates were confirmed as S. aureus, despite the absence of at least one gene in the staphyloxanthin operon. In this technique, the nrps gene product for S. argenteus has a molecular weight of approximately 340 bp while for S. aureus the molecular weight is reduced to approximately 160 bp. With this, the initial separation between the two species become quick and effective.

The results showed that screening tests using the lack of pigmentation in different culture media and the absence of the crtM gene did not show high discriminatory power in the differentiation between S. aureus and S. argenteus. On the other hand, screening using the nrps gene was efficient. MLST is considered the most reliable technique for confirming S. argenteus [9]. However, as it is a laborious technique, it needs more effective screening.

Conclusions

As far as we know, this is the first review of an S. aureus collection isolated from clinical and subclinical mastitis in Brazil, and S. argenteus is not yet a significant problem to be considered in cases of mastitis. Besides, the development of a better phenotypic screening test is needed before conducting molecular confirmation, which is more laborious and expensive.

Methods

Bacterial samples

A total of 856 strains previously identified as S. aureus were reevaluated. All strains were isolated from the milk of cows with clinical or subclinical mastitis, from 2010 to 2019, from five Brazilian states: São Paulo (n = 615), Minas Gerais (n = 130), Pernambuco (n = 57), Paraná (n = 44) and Rio de Janeiro (n = 10). The strains are part of the bacterial collection found in the Food Microbiology Laboratory of the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Institute of Biosciences of Paulista State University in Botucatu, São Paulo (Brazil). Previously, screening tests for S. aureus identification were gram stain, catalase and coagulase tests, and tests for clumping factor. Confirmation through molecular typing was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the specific nuclease (nuc) gene [24]. This study was approved by the Committee on Ethics in Animal Use of UNESP (0136/2017).

Phenotypic and genotypic identification of S. argenteus

The initial screening was performed using SEY agar [18], chocolate agar (Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK) [7] and TSA agar (Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK) [9]. All isolates were incubated in Brain and Heart Infusion Broth (Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK) at 37 °C/24 h. After this period, an aliquot of each strain was seeded onto the different agars and incubated for 48 h at 37 °C. After this period, strains showing white colonies or without pigmentation (gray) were suspected of S. argenteus and selected for molecular analysis. The operon crtOPQMN genes (crtO, crtP, crtQ, crtM and crtN) were screened by PCR, according to Zhang et al. [9] in all nonpigmented isolates. The nrps gene [9] was tested only in isolates that did not have at least one of the crtOPQMN operon genes. S. aureus MW2, S. aureus WB49, S. aureus N315 and S. aureus COL were used as positive controls for the reactions.

Availability of data and materials

All datasets generated for this study are included in the article/Supplementary Material.

Abbreviations

WGS:

Whole genome sequencing

SAC:

S. aureus complex

SEs:

Staphylococcal enterotoxins

TSA:

Tryptone Soya Agar

SEY:

Salt Egg Yolk Agar

NRPS:

Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase

MLST:

Multilocus Sequence Typing

References

  1. 1.

    Ruegg PL. A 100-year review: mastitis detection, management, and prevention. J Dairy Sci. 2017;100:1038–10397. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13023.

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  2. 2.

    Bonsaglia ECR, Silva NCC, Rossi BF, Camargo CH, Dantas STA, Langoni H, Guimarães FF, Limae FS, Fitzgeraldf JR, Fernandes Júnior A, Rall VLM. Molecular epidemiology of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) isolated from milk of cows with subclinical mastitis. Microb Pathog. 2018;124:130–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2018.08.031.

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. 3.

    Becker K, Schaumburg F, Kearns A, Larsen AR, Lindsay JA, Skov RL, Westh H. Implications of identifying the recently defined members of the Staphylococcus aureus complex S. argenteus and S. schweitzeri: a position paper of members of the ESCMID study Group for Staphylococci and Staphylococcal Diseases (ESGS). Clin Microbiol Infect. 2019;25(9):1064–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2019.02.028.

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. 4.

    Dupieux C, Blondé R, Bouchiat C, Meugnier H, Bes M, Laurent S, Vandenesch F, Laurent F, Tristan A. Community-acquired infections due to Staphylococcus argenteus lineage isolates harbouring the Panton-valentine leucocidin, France, 2014. Euro Surveill. 2015;20(23):21154 Available online: http://www.eurosurveillance.org.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. 5.

    Thaipadungpanit J, Amornchai P, Nickerson EK, Wongsuvan G, Wuthiekanun V, Limmathurotsakul D, Peacock SJ. Clinical and molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus argenteus infections in Thailand. J Clin Microbiol. 2015;53(3):1005–8. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.03049-14.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. 6.

    Tong SY, Schaumburg F, Ellington MJ, Corander J, Pichon B, Leendertz F, Bentley SD, Parkhill J, Holt DC, Peters G, Giffard PM. Novel staphylococcal species that form part of a Staphylococcus aureus-related complex: the non-pigmented Staphylococcus argenteus sp. nov. and the non-human primate-associated Staphylococcus schweitzeri sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2015;65:15–22. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.062752-0.

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. 7.

    Argudín MA, Dodemont M, Vandendriessche S, Rottiers S, Tribes C, Roisin S, De Mendonça R, Nonhoff C, Deplano A, Denis O. Low occurrence of the new species Staphylococcus argenteus in a Staphylococcus aureus collection of human isolates from Belgium. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2016;35(6):1017–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-016-2632-x.

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. 8.

    Chantratita N, Wikraiphat C, Tandhavanant S, Wongsuvan G, Ariyaprasert P, Suntornsut P, Thaipadungpanit J, Teerawattanasook N, Jutrakul Y, Srisurat N, Chaimanee P, Anukunananchai J, Phiphitaporn S, Srisamang P, Chetchotisakd P, West TE, Peacock SJ. Comparison of community onset Staphylococcus argenteus and Staphylococcus aureus sepsis in Thailand: a prospective multicentre observational study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2016;22:458.e11–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2016.01.008.

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  9. 9.

    Zhang DF, Xu X, Song Q, Bai Y, Zhang Y, Song M, Shi C, Shi X. Identification of Staphylococcus argenteus in Eastern China based on a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene. Future Microbiol. 2016;11:1113–21. https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2016-0017.

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. 10.

    Olatimehin A, Shittu AO, Onwugamba FC, Mellmann A, Becker K, Schaumburg F. Staphylococcus aureus complex in the straw-colored fruit bat (Eidolon helvum) in Nigeria. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:162. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00162.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. 11.

    McDonald M, Dougall A, Holt D, Huygens F, Oppedisano F, Giffard PM, Inman-Bamber J, Stephens AJ, Towers R, Carapetis JR, Currie BJ. Use of a single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping system to demonstrate the unique epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in remote Aboriginal communities. J Clin Microbiol. 2006;44:3720–7. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00836-06.

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. 12.

    Holt DC, Holden MT, Tong SY, Castillo-Ramirez S, Clarke L, Quail MA, Currie BJ, Parkhill J, Bentley SD, Feil EJ, Giffard PM. A very early-branching Staphylococcus aureus lineage lacking the carotenoid pigment staphyloxanthin. Genome Biol Evol. 2011;3:881–95. https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evr078.

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. 13.

    Hansen TA, Bartels MD, Høgh SV, Dons LE, Pedersen M, Jensen TG, Kemp M, Skov MN, Gumpert H, Worning P, Westh H. Whole genome sequencing of Danish Staphylococcus argenteus reveals a genetically diverse collection with clear separation from Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol. 2017;8:1512. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01512.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. 14.

    Golding GR, Bryden L, Levett PN, McDonald RR, Wong A, Graham MR, Tyler S, Van Domselaar G, Mabon P, Kent H, Butaye P, Smith TC, Kadlec K, Schwarz S, Weese SJ, Mulvey MR. Whole-genome sequence of livestock-associated ST398 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from humans in Canada. J Bacteriol. 2012;194:6627–8. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.01680-12.

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. 15.

    Shi X, Zhang DF. Staphylococcus argenteus: an emerging foodborne pathogen? Curr Opin Food Sci. 2018;20:76–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2018.03.015.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. 16.

    Indrawattana N, Pumipuntu N, Suriyakhun N, Jangsangthong A, Kulpeanprasit S, Chantratita N, Sookrung N, Chaicumpa W, Buranasinsup S. Staphylococcus argenteus from rabbits in Thailand. Microbiol Open. 2019;8(4):665. https://doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.665.

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  17. 17.

    Bruins MJ, Van Coppenraet LEB, Wolfhagen MJ. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus argenteus in the Netherlands—a case report. Clin Microbiol Newsl. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2019.01.005.

  18. 18.

    Wakabayashi Y, Umeda K, Yonogi S, Nakamura H, Yamamoto K, Kumeda Y, Kawatsu K. Staphylococcal food poisoning caused by Staphylococcus argenteus harboring staphylococcal enterotoxin genes. Int J Food Microbiol. 2018;265:23–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.10.022.

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. 19.

    Kim SH, Lee PC. Functional expression and extension of staphylococcal staphyloxanthin biosynthetic pathway in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 2012;287(26):21575–83. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M112.343020.

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. 20.

    Ohnishi T, Shinjoh M, Ohara H, Kawai T, Kamimaki I, Mizushima R, Kamada K, Itakura Y, Iguchi S, Uzawa Y, Yoshida A, Kikuchi K. Purulent lymphadenitis caused by Staphylococcus argenteus, representing the first Japanese case of Staphylococcus argenteus (multilocus sequence type 2250) infection in a 12-year-old boy. J Infect Chemother. 2018;24(11):925–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2018.03.018.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. 21.

    Li Q, Li Y, Tang Y, Meng C, Ingmer H, Jiao X. Prevalence and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus argenteus in chicken from retail markets in China. Food Control. 2019;96:158–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.08.030.

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  22. 22.

    Moradigaravand D, Jamrozy D, Mostowy R, Anderson A, Nickerson EK, Thaipadungpanit J, Wuthiekanun V, Limmathurotsakul D, Tandhavanant S, Wikraiphat C, Wongsuvan G, Teerawattanasook N, Jutrakul Y, Srisurat N, Chaimanee P, West TE, Blane B, Parkhill J, Chantratita N, Peacock SJ. Evolution of the Staphylococcus argenteus ST2250 clone in northeastern Thailand is linked with the acquisition of livestock-associated staphylococcal genes. MBio. 2017;8(4):e00802–17. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00802-17.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. 23.

    Kitagawa H, Ohge H, Hisatsune J, Masuda K, Aziz F, Hara T, Kuroo Y, Sugai M. Low incidence of Staphylococcus argenteus bacteremia in Hiroshima, Japan. J Infect Chemother. 2020;26(1):140–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2019.07.011.

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. 24.

    CRL-AR, Community reference laboratory for antimicrobial resistance. Multiplex. 378 PCR for the detection of the mecA gene and the identification of Staphylococcus aureus. 379 National Food Institute. Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2009.

Download references

Acknowledgements

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, 302383/2018-2).

Funding

The Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES)- Finance Code 001 supported a scholarship and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, 302383/2018–2).

Author information

Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Post Office Box 510, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 18618-970, Brazil

    Bruna F. Rossi, Érika C. R. Bonsaglia, Ivana G. Castilho, Stéfani T. A. Dantas, Ary Fernandes Júnior & Vera L. M. Rall

  2. Department of Hygiene Veterinary and Public Health, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil

    Hélio Langoni & José C. F. Pantoja

  3. Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (USP), Pirassununga, SP, Brazil

    Juliano L. Gonçalves & Marcos V. Santos

  4. Departament of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil

    Rinaldo A. Mota

Authors
  1. Bruna F. Rossi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Érika C. R. Bonsaglia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ivana G. Castilho
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Stéfani T. A. Dantas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Hélio Langoni
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. José C. F. Pantoja
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Ary Fernandes Júnior
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Juliano L. Gonçalves
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Marcos V. Santos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Rinaldo A. Mota
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Vera L. M. Rall
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

ECRB and BFR contributed equally to this paper. BFR, ECRB and VLMR conceived the study. HL, MVS, RAM collected the samples. BFR, ECRB, IGC, STAD and JLG conducted the experiment. JCFP, VLMR, AFJ analyzed the results. BFR, ECRB and VLMR wrote the manuscript. All authors’ reviewed the manuscript. The author(s) read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Érika C. R. Bonsaglia.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

This study was approved by the Committee on Ethics in Animal Use of UNESP (0136/2017).

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary information

Additional file 1: S1 Table.

Distribuition of the non-pigmented S. aureus strains isolated from the milk of cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis, among the different states in Brazil.

Additional file 2: S2 Table.

Presence of mecA and the operon crtOPQMN genes among non-pigmented S. aureus strains isolated from cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis, in different states in Brazil.

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Rossi, B.F., Bonsaglia, É.C.R., Castilho, I.G. et al. First investigation of Staphylococcus argenteus in a Brazilian collections of S. aureus isolated from bovine mastitis. BMC Vet Res 16, 252 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-02472-7

Download citation

Keywords

  • S. aureus complex
  • Staphyloxanthin
  • nrps gene
  • Salt egg yolk agar

BMC Veterinary Research

ISSN: 1746-6148

Contact us