Table 2 Paired sample t-test results for personal and job resources, and work engagement on Time 1 (T1) and Time 2 (T2) in participants and non-participants (Standard deviations in brackets)
Participants | Non-participants | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Means at T1 | Means at T2 | Effect size | N | Means at T1 | Means at T2 | Effect size | |
Personal resources | ||||||||
Proactive behaviour | 25 | 2.89 (.67) | 3.18 (.63) | −0.4* | 10 | 2.83(.53) | 3.15 (.64) | −0.5 |
Selfefficacy | 25 | 3.37(.79) | 3.76 (.43) | −0.6* | 10 | 3.73(.34) | 3.83 (.39) | −0.3 |
Optimism | 25 | 3.68 (.85) | 3.92(.74) | −0.3 | 10 | 4.05(.54) | 3.92(.54) | 0.2 |
Reflective behaviour | 25 | 3.51(.82) | 3.88(.41) | −0.6* | 10 | 3.67(.63) | 3.77(.52) | −0.2 |
Thoughtfulness | 25 | 4.14(.40) | 4.18(.63) | −0.1 | 10 | 3.95(.50) | 4.15(.34) | −0.5 |
Job resources | ||||||||
Decision latitude | 21 | 2.67(.66) | 2.68(.70) | 0.0 | 9 | 2.96(.72) | 2.81(1.03) | 0.2 |
Decision authority | 21 | 3.00(.69) | 3.16(.79) | −0.2 | 9 | 3.15(.87) | 3.52(.50) | −0.5 |
Skills discretion | 21 | 3.52 (.45) | 3.46(.59) | 0.1 | 9 | 3.59(.60) | 3.52(.75) | 0.1 |
Support colleague | 21 | 4.12(.55) | 3.99(.60) | 0.1 | 9 | 4.17(.35) | 4.14(.57) | 0.1 |
Support supervisor | 21 | 3.70(.97) | 3.71(.96) | 0.0 | 9 | 4.04(.59) | 4.04(.73) | 0.0 |
Feedback from work | 21 | 2.81(.55) | 2.76(.73) | 0.1 | 9 | 2.70(.35) | 2.93(.62) | −0.5 |
Work engagement | 21 | 4.48(1.06) | 4.61(.85) | −0.1 | 9 | 4.99(.56) | 4.89(.83) | 0.1 |