Peripheral and gastrointestinal immune systems of healthy cattle raised outdoors at pasture or indoors on a concentrate-based ration

Table 4 Blood mineral concentrations.

Item	Summer		Winter		Pvalue
	Outdoor	Indoor	Outdoor	Indoor	Production system, P	Season, S	P × S
I (μg/L)	20.11 ± 2.16	329.27 ± 27.78	15.00 ± 1.67	254.18 ± 11.26	< 0.001	0.024	0.055
Zn (μmol/L)	13.85 ± 0.79	14.33 ± 0.82	15.38 ± 0.91	18.24 ± 0.69	0.135	< 0.001	0.011
Cu (μmol/L)	3.64 ± 0.68	13.47 ± 0.64	1.55 ± 0.44	15.71 ± 0.69	< 0.001	0.512	< 0.001

Blood concentrations of iodine, zinc and copper in indoor and outdoor cattle during summer and winter. Values are depicted as mean ± SEM. P value for the effects of the production system (P), season (S) and production system × season (P × S) interaction are indicated.

ISSN: 1746-6148