BMC Veterinary Research

Table 3 Inhibitory effect of CuO-NPs and ZnO-NPs on egg hatch tests against Fasciola hepatica

From: In vitro assessment of the anthelmintic activity of copper oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles on egg and adult stages of Fasciola hepatica: evidence on oxidative stress biomarkers, and DNA damage

Test	Hours	Control (-)	CuO-NPs					ZnO-NPs					P value
Test	Hours	Control (-)	1 ppm	4 ppm	8 ppm	12 ppm	16 ppm	1 ppm	4 ppm	8 ppm	12 ppm	16 ppm	P value
Inhibition of egg hatch (%)	24 h	3.14 ± 1.55 ^Ec	40.34 ± 1.65 ^Dc	71.45 ± 1.54 ^Cc	97.65 ± 2.32^Aa	100.00 ± 0.00^Aa	100.00 ± 0.00^Aa	39.45 ± 1.57 ^Dc	69.54 ± 1.64 ^Cc	88.14 ± 2.25 ^Bb	98.04 ± 2.86 ^Aa	100.00 ± 0.00^Aa	p < 0.001
	48 h	10.45 ± 0.43^Db	53.24 ± 1.06 ^Cb	88.43 ± 1.51 ^Bb	100.00 ± 0.00^Aa	100.00 ± 0.00^Aa	100.00 ± 0.00^Aa	50.73 ± 1.21 ^Cb	84.54 ± 2.32 ^Bb	99.26 ± 2.65 ^Aa	100.00 ± 0.00^Aa	100.00 ± 0.00^Aa	p < 0.001
	72 h	23.5 ± 1.23 ^Ca	78.09 ± 1.35 ^Ba	100.00 ± 0.00^Aa	100.00 ± 0.00^Aa	100.00 ± 0.00^Aa	100.00 ± 0.00^Aa	74.65 ± 1.54 ^Ba	97.54 ± 2.32 ^Aa	100.00 ± 0.00 ^Aa	100.00 ± 0.00^Aa	100.00 ± 0.00^Aa	p < 0.001

- Different superscripts (a-c) within the same row column indicate a significant inhibitory effect of each concentration of NPs within different exposure time. Different superscripts (A-D) within the same row indicate a significant inhibitory effect of different concentration of NPs during each exposure times

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