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Fig. 1 | BMC Veterinary Research

Fig. 1

From: PD-1/PD-L1 axis induced host immunosuppression via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway in piglets infected by Glaesserella Parasuis

Fig. 1

Detection of the cytokines expression and histopathological analysis of the piglet spleens in the control group and the infection group. The RNAs from PMNPs were extracted and reverse-transcribed into cDNA. The production of cytokines of IL-1β (Fig. 1A), IL-2 (Fig. 1B), IL-6 (Fig. 1C), IL-8 (Fig. 1D), IL-10 (Fig. 1E), IL-18 (Fig. 1F), TNF-α (Fig. 1G), and IFN-γ (Fig. 1H) at mRNA levels were determined by RT-PCR. Total proteins of spleen tissue were extracted and IL-1β (Fig. 1I and J), IL-18 (Fig. 1K and L), and TNF-α (Fig. 1M and N) expression at the protein level were measured by Western blot. O: the histopathological analysis of control group; P: the histopathological analysis of infection group of. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01*; *** p < 0.001

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