Brachyspira in dogs: risk factors of shedding in central Germany and longitudinal study of an infected kennel

BMC Veterinary Research

Table 1 Detection and differentiation of Brachyspira (B.) in dogs (reports published from 1989 until recently)

Country	SM^a	Detection method						Number of samples	Positive samples, n (%)	Differentiation of Brachyspira						Reference
Country	SM^a	TSA^b	Mic^c	BC^d	PCR^e	Seq^f	Other			B. pilo^g	B. canis	B. pulli	B. inno^h	B. interⁱ	B. hyo^k
Germany	F^l		x	x			CSA^m	149	6 (4%)				5		1	[43]
Australia	F^l	x						203	38 (19%)							[44]
Australia	F^l				x	x	MEEⁿ, ribo^o	24/203	24		24					[21]
Papua New Guinea	R^r	x	x		x			76	7 (9%)	4						[45]
Sweden	R^r	x		x		x (4)	PFGE^s (4)	46*	24 (52%)*	2			1			[20]
Australia	F^l	x	x		x		MEEⁿ	49	20 (41%)^ǂ	7	5					[18]
India	F^l				x	x		101	1 (1%)	1						[46]
USA	F^l				x			120	5 (4%)							[47]
Spain	R^r					x		311	41 (13%)	15	25			1		[17]
Czech Republic	F^l	x	x	x	x			1156	36 (3%)	19					1	[26]
Thailand	F^l	x	x	x		x		151	17 (11%)	4	9	3		1		[19]
Iran	R^r	x	x		x	x		151	14 (9%)		12			1		[27]

^asampling method; ^bculture on trypticase-soy agar; ^cmicroscopic detection of Brachyspira; ^dbiochemical differentiation of Brachyspira: indol production, hippurate-cleavage, and α-galactosidase and ß-glucosidase activity; ^epolymerase chain reaction; ^fsequencing; ^gBrachyspira pilosicoli; ^hBrachyspira innocens; ⁱBrachyspira intermedia; ^kBrachyspira hyodysenteriae; ^lfecal sample; ^mculture on casein-soybean flour-peptone agar with 10% ovine blood + spectinomycin; ⁿmultilocus enzyme electrophoresis; ^oribotyping; ^rrectal swab; ^spulsed-field gel electrophoresis; *sampling bias: 29 laboratory Beagle dogs tested after previous diarrhea outbreak, 17 pet dogs with diarrhea; ^ǂsampling bias: pet shop puppies originating from breeding kennels

ISSN: 1746-6148