Table 1 The behavioral alterations of Nile tilapia experimentally infected with Pseudomonas putida and exposed to titanium dioxide nanogel (TDNG) (0.9 mg/L) for ten days

Foraging

1.50±0.22^a

1.30±0.23^a

0.33±0.16^c

0.77±0.44^b

0.004

Abnormal swimming

2.16±0.30^c

2.55±0.44^c

10.11±1.11^a

8.33±0.55^b

<0.0001

Surfacing

0.50±0.22^c

0.70±0.28^c

3.00±057^a

2.33±0.60^b

0.005

Resting

1.50±0.22^c

1.11±0.20^c

2.33±0.47^a

1.88±0.30^b

0.073

Aggressive behaviour

 Approach

0.66±0.21^c

0.88±0.20^c

3.33±0.57^a

1.66±0.44^b

< 0.0001

 Chasing

0.16±0.16^c

0.22±0.27^c

2.55±0.47^a

1.66±0.16^b

< 0.0001

 Fleeing

0.66±0.33^c

0.73±0.47^c

3.22±0.74^a

2.33±0.28^b

0.012

 Fin tugging

0.50±0.34

0.55±0.17

1.3±0.33

0.77±0.22

0.13

 Butting

0.00±00

0.00±00

0.22±0.14

0.11±0.11

0.35

 Mouth pushing

0.00±00^c

0.00±0.27^c

1.44±0.44^a

1.00±0.23^b

0.04

Abnormal movement

 Circular movement

0.16±0.16^c

0.21±0.26^c

2.00±0.55^a

1.77±0.40^b

0.027

 Vertical movement

0.00±00^c

0.00±0.24^c

2.11±0.51^a

0.88±0.11^b

0.001