Dietary microalgal-fabricated selenium nanoparticles improve Nile tilapia biochemical indices, immune-related gene expression, and intestinal immunity

Table 1 Formulation and proximate composition of basal and experimental diets

Ingredients (%)	Control	SeNPs_0.75	SeNPs_1.5
Yellow corn	19.5	19.5	19.5
Soybean meal	20	20	20
Fish meal	20	20	20
Corn gluten	3	3	3
Gelatin	2	2	2
Sunflower oil	3.50	3.50	3.50
Wheat bran	30.16	30.16	30.16
Minerals and vitamins premix^a	1	1	1
Salt	0.30	0.30	0.30
Vitamin C	0.12	0.12	0.12
Dicalcium phosphate	0.10	0.10	0.10
Methionine	0.32	0.32	0.32
SeNPs (mg/kg)	0	0.75	1.5
Proximate analysis (% dry matter basis)
Crude Protein*	32.04	32.04	32.04
Lipid*	7.06	7.06	7.06
Ca*	1.17	1.17	1.17
P*	0.53	0.53	0.53
DE (Digestable Energy)** (kcal/kg)	3016	3016	3016
Se content (mg/Kg)	0.2	0.75	1.5

^aThe levels of the micro minerals &vitamins for tilapia are covered by supplementation of trace minerals & vitamins premixes as recommended by NRC (2011). Vitamins premix (IU or mg/kg diet); vit. A 5000, Vit.D3 1000, vit. E 20, vit. k3 2, vit. B1 2, vit. B2 5, vit. B6 1.5, vit. B12 0.02, Pantothenic acid 10, Folic acid 1, Biotin 0.15, Niacin 30. Mineral mixture (mg/kg diet); Fe 40, Mn 80, Cu 4, Zn 50, I 0.5, Co 0.2 & Se 0.2. *Analysed. **DE calculated according to M Jobling [92]The Gross energy calculated according to NRC (2011), as follow: CP × 5.64 + EE × 9.44 + NFE × 4.11; whereas [Nitrogen free extract (NFE) = [100-(CP + EE + CF + Ash)]. The DE was calculated according to Jobling, (1983), as follows: Digestible energy = gross energy X 0.75

ISSN: 1746-6148