Fig. 4

Comparative intestinal gene expression of (A) pro-inflammatory genes (e.g., TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-1β), and anti-inflammatory gene (TGF-β), (B) antioxidant genes (e.g., GPx, GST, GSR, and GSS), and (C) regulatory and apoptotic-related genes (PCNA and caspse-3) of Nile tilapia fed biosynthesized SeNPs (0, 0.75, and 1.5 mg SeNPs/kg) for eight weeks (N = 6). The qPCR detected transcript levels were normalized to the expression of a reference gene, Nile tilapia β-actin, and presented as Mean ± SEM. The values with a different letter superscript are significantly different between groups. Asterisks indicate levels of significance (ANOVA with post hoc Tukey test, *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001)