Effects of antioxidant vitamins (A, D, E) and trace elements (Cu, Mn, Se, Zn) administration on gene expression, metabolic, antioxidants and immunological profiles during transition period in dromedary camels

Table 3 Means of minimum squares ± standard error of the mean (SE) and P value for biochemical parameters in control (n = 15) and treatment she camel (n = 15)

Variable	Group	Mean ± SE	P_Treatment	P_Day	P_{Treatment*Day}
Glucose (mg/dl)	Control	118.5 ± 0.96	0.36	< 0.0001	0.61
Glucose (mg/dl)	Treatment	119.7 ± 0.96	0.36	< 0.0001	0.61
Cholesterol (mg/dl)	Control	121.7 ± 1.2	0.24	0.001	0.46
Cholesterol (mg/dl)	Treatment	123.9 ± 1.2	0.24	0.001	0.46
Triglyceride (mg/dl)	Control	55.3 ± 0.6	0.89	< 0.0001	0.29
Triglyceride (mg/dl)	Treatment	55.4 ± 0.6	0.89	< 0.0001	0.29
HDL (mg/dl)	Control	0.22 ± 0.49	0.69	< 0.0001	0.92
HDL (mg/dl)	Treatment	0.23 ± 0.49	0.69	< 0.0001	0.92
Total protein (g/dl)	Control	5.1 ± 0.03	0.89	< 0.0001	0.85
Total protein (g/dl)	Treatment	5.2 ± 0.03	0.89	< 0.0001	0.85
NEFA (mmol/L)	Control	4.167 ± 0.06	0.40	< 0.0001	0.16
NEFA (mmol/L)	Treatment	3.943 ± 0.06	0.40	< 0.0001	0.16
BHBA (mmol/L)	Control	0.97 ± 0.04	0.27	< 0.0001	0.70
BHBA (mmol/L)	Treatment	0.91 ± 0.04	0.27	< 0.0001	0.70
Cortisol (ug/dl)	Control	121.7 ± 1.2	0.89	< 0.0001	0.57
Cortisol (ug/dl)	Treatment	123.9 ± 1.2	0.89	< 0.0001	0.57
IGF1 (ng/ml)	Control	49.6 ± 0.2	0.09	< 0.0001	0.13
IGF1 (ng/ml)	Treatment	50.1 ± 0.2	0.09	< 0.0001	0.13

HDL High-density lipoprotein, BHBA beta-hydroxybutyrate, NEFA non-esterified fatty acids, IGF-1 insulin-like growth factor-1

ISSN: 1746-6148