Table 1 Descriptive statistics for body conformation traits in Chinese holstein cows
Trait | Mean | SD | CV (%) | Ideal Scores | Optimal Gap |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frame capacity (FC) | 86.06 | 2.01 | 2.34 | 100 | 13.94 |
Stature (ST) | 7.88 | 0.98 | 12.44 | 8 | 0.12 |
Chest width (CW) | 4.76 | 0.84 | 17.65 | 9 | 4.24 |
Body depth (BD) | 6.63 | 0.58 | 8.75 | 7 | 0.37 |
Loin strength (LS) | 7.06 | 0.73 | 10.34 | 9 | 1.94 |
Rump (RU) | 70.65 | 3.17 | 4.49 | 100 | 29.35 |
Pin setting (PS) | 4.80 | 1.07 | 22.29 | 5 | 0.2 |
Pin width (PW) | 6.71 | 0.68 | 10.13 | 9 | 2.29 |
Feet and legs (FL) | 83.26 | 3.49 | 4.19 | 100 | 16.74 |
Feet angle (FA) | 5.85 | 0.96 | 16.41 | 7 | 1.15 |
Heel depth (HD) | 5.71 | 0.95 | 16.64 | 9 | 3.29 |
Bone quality (BQ) | 6.39 | 0.79 | 12.36 | 9 | 2.61 |
Set of rear legs (SRL) | 3.02 | 1.20 | 39.74 | 5 | 1.98 |
Rear leg-rear view (RLRV) | 6.90 | 1.14 | 16.52 | 9 | 2.1 |
Mammary system (MS) | 82.19 | 2.67 | 3.25 | 100 | 17.81 |
Udder depth (UD) | 5.02 | 1.09 | 21.71 | 5 | -0.02 |
Median suspensory (MS) | 4.99 | 1.04 | 20.84 | 9 | 4.01 |
Fore udder attachment (FUA) | 5.72 | 0.83 | 14.51 | 9 | 3.28 |
Fore teat placement (FTP) | 5.06 | 0.48 | 9.49 | 6 | 0.94 |
Fore udder length (FUL) | 4.61 | 0.79 | 17.14 | 5 | 0.39 |
Rear attachment height (RAH) | 6.32 | 0.82 | 12.97 | 9 | 2.68 |
Rear attachment width (RAW) | 6.17 | 1.05 | 17.02 | 9 | 2.83 |
Rear teat placement (RTP) | 5.71 | 0.78 | 13.66 | 6 | 0.29 |
Dairy character (DC) | 82.04 | 2.26 | 2.75 | 100 | 17.96 |
Angularity (ANG) | 5.83 | 0.67 | 11.49 | 9 | 3.17 |
Total score (TS) | 80.29 | 1.99 | 2.48 | 100 | 19.71 |