Table 2 Seasonal changes of some biochemical parameters in clinically healthy adult Zarudny’s spur-thighed tortoises

Urea (mg/dl)

18.35 ± 2.75 (13–22)

87.05 ± 23.11 (64–159)

< 0.001*

Creatinine (mg/dl)

0.25 ± 0.05 (0.2–0.3)

0.18 ± 0.07 (0.1–0.3)

0.002*

Total protein (mg/dl)

4.44 ± 0.75 (3-6.06)

3.89 ± 0.71 (2.89–5.3)

0.024*

Total Bilirubin (mg/dl)

0.07 ± 0.01 (0.05–0.09)

0.04 ± 0.00 (0.03–0.07)

< 0.001*

Uric acid (mg/dl)

1.68 ± 0.30 (1/2-2.1)

1.66 ± 0.61 (1-3.1)

0.890

Calcium (mg/dl)

10.14 ± 1.04 (8.4–13.2)

10.02 ± 0.96 (8.8–11.7)

0.693

Phosphorus (mg/dl)

2.10 ± 0.28 (1.37–2.64)

1.56 ± 0.30 (1.12–1.98)

< 0.001*