Table 5 Univariate mixed-effect Cox proportional hazard regression analysis of explanatory variables associated with calf mortality under six months of age in Jimma town

Dam parity

Multiparous

1

< 0.001

Primiparous

11.42 (3.87–33.72)

Calving status

Normal

< 0.001

Dystocia

20.58 (6.96–60.88)

Post-delivery complications

No

1

0.213

Yes

2.08 (0.66–6.55)

Experience (year)

≤ 5 year

1

0.002

> 5 yr

0.13 (0.04–0.47)

Herd size

> 20

1

0.028

≤ 20

0.10 (0.01–0.78)

Floor type

Concrete

1

< 0.001

Soil

75.17 (9.88-572.05)

Calving pen

Not-present

1

0.243

Present

0.30 (0.04–2.27)

Calf housing

With dam

1

0.077

Separate

0.26 (0.06–1.16)

Pen cleaning

Irregularly

1

0.016

Regularly

0.28 (0.10–0.79)

Pen bedding

Absent

1

0.220

Present

0.45(0.13–1.61)

1st colostrum feeding

Within 6 h.

1

0.095

After 6 h.

982.79 (0.30-3223682.18)

Milk-fed daily

< 3 lit.

1

0.059

> 3lit.

0.14 (0.02–1.07)

Colostrum feeding

Hand

1

0.231

Suckling

0.50 (0.16–1.56)