Table 4 Univariate mixed-effect Cox proportional hazard regression analysis of explanatory variables associated with calf morbidity under six months of age in Jimma town

Dam parity

Multiparous

1

< 0.001

Primiparous

5.98 (3.48–10.29)

Calving status

Normal

1

< 0.001

Dystocia

8.19(4.65–14.44)

Post-delivery complications

no

1

0.142

Yes

1.65(0.85–3.20)

Source of income

Primary

1

0.201

secondary

1.44(0.82–2.50)

Experience (year)

≤ 5 year

1

0.004

> 5 yr

0.45(0.26–0.78)

Herd size

> 20

1

0.032

≤ 20

0.51(0.28–0.94)

Floor type

Concrete

1

< 0.001

Soil

4.31(2.50–7.43)

Calving pen

not-present

1

0.232

present

0.62(0.28–1.36)

Calf housing

With dam

1

0.033

Separate

0.51(0.27–0.95)

Pen cleaning

Infrequently

1

< 0.001

Regularly

0.11(0.06–0.20)

Pen Bedding

Absent

1

0.130

Present

0.62(0.34–1.14)

1st colostrum feeding

Within 6 h.

1

< 0.001

After 6 h.

6.70(3.86–11.63)

Milk-fed daily

< 3 lit.

1

0.055

> 3lit.

0.52(0.27–1.01)

Water provision

Periodic

1

0.239

Free

0.54(0.19–1.50)