Table 2 Comparison of hedgehog signal expression associated with clinicopathological parameters
From: Usability of serum hedgehog signalling proteins as biomarkers in canine mammary carcinomas
Number of patients (n) | SHH (ng/mL) | P value | GLI-1 (ng/mL) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | |||||
Female | 20 | 4.17 ± 2.42 | 29.31 ± 10.11 | ||
Spayed female | 23 | 4.84 ± 1.71 | .165 | 27.22 ± 13.40 | .903 |
Breed size | |||||
≤ 10 kg | 36 | 4.56 ± 2.10 | 27.50 ± 12.47 | ||
> 10 kg | 7 | 4.39 ± 2.08 | .936 | 31.78 ± 8.06 | .468 |
Tumour size | |||||
≤ 3 cm | 24 | 4.03 ± 2.01 | 27.28 ± 9.48 | ||
3–5 cm | 7 | 4.88 ± 2.83 | 27.43 ± 16.56 | ||
> 5 cm | 12 | 5.32 ± 1.54 | .154 | 30.47 ± 13.95 | .534 |
Benign MGT | |||||
Simple | 9 | 4.69 ± 1.72 | 26.21 ± 12.23 | ||
Complex | 11 | 3.21 ± 1.47 | 22.79 ± 12.76 | ||
Mixed | 6 | 4.25 ± 1.91 | .150 | 24.02 ± 10.76 | .925 |
Malignant MGT | |||||
Simple | 10 | 4.32 ± 1.66 | 31.29 ± 7.02 | ||
Complex | 1 | ± 7.67 ± | ± 32.92 ± | ||
Mixed | 3 | 5.41 ± 2.23 | .175 | 29.51 ± 5.36 | .925 |
Histologic grade | |||||
Grade 1 | 12 | 4.72 ± 2.01 | 30.00 ± 5.58 | ||
Grade 2 | 3 | 5.85 ± 0.28 | .448 | 37.94 ± 65.54 | .048* |
Metastasis | |||||
Metastatic | 6 | 7.26 ± 1.79 | 42.96 ± 9.81 | ||
Non-metastatic | 11 | 4.39 ± 1.91 | .01* | 29.44 ± 5.16 | .007* |