Table 2 Morphometry of the cranial foramina in eight primates species (values are expressed in mm)

Species

foramen

f. jugulare

f. infraorbitale

fissura

pterygopalatina

f. ovale

f. mentale

f. mandibulae

f. palatinum

majus

value

right

left

right

left

right

left

right

left

right

left

right

left

right

left

Black-and-white ruffed lemur (Varecia variegata)

length

1.66

1.40

1.03

1.28

absence

2.92

2.66

0.84

0.73

1.98

1.64

1.44

1.78

width

1.38

1.34

1.03

1.33

2.26

1.92

0.67

0.75

1.68

1.54

1.24

1.38

Buff-bellied capuchin (Sapajus xanthosternos)

length

1.89

1.97

0.94

1.21

8.77

8.33

3.27

3.43

0.85

0.83

1.72

1.74

0.89

0.85

width

1.36

1.44

0.87

1.11

4.71

4.94

1.27

1.76

0.80

0.76

1.13

1.08

0.73

0.65

Baboon (Papio cynocephalus)

length

3.08

3.28

1.51

1.43

14.44

14.28

4.38

3.48

1.36

1.56

6.20

6.64

5.54

5.22

width

5.12

5.24

1.09

1.38

5.08

5.94

6.50

6.88

1.64

1.72

3.34

2.36

3.28

3.54

Angola colobus (Colobus angolensis)

length

2.24

1.76

1.54

1.26

8.98

8.88

5.62

5.64

1.36

0.87

2.42

2.36

1.28

3.16

width

2.40

2.50

1.72

1.69

3.26

2.54

2.22

2.38

1.06

0.85

1.48

1.38

1.04

1.12

 L’Hoest’s monkey (Allochrocebus lhoesti)

length

1.74

2.02

1.46

1.40

8.22

8.96

3.24

3.56

1.04

1.18

3.04

3.30

3.38

3.26

width

1.80

1.76

1.83

1.45

3.44

2.66

1.08

1.18

1.62

2.20

2.08

1.78

1.44

1.40

Celebes crested macaque (Macaca nigra)

length

2.84

3.00

0.86

1.20

12.06

11.56

2.46

2.04

1.15

1.06

4.08

3.84

2.46

2.46

width

2.58

2.80

0.92

0.93

3.40

2.68

5.86

5.26

0.91

0.98

2.56

3.10

1.54

1.88

Ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta)

length

2.04

2.22

2.22

1.78

absence

2.16

2.46

0.74

0.85

2.10

2.56

1.70

2.12

width

1.54

1.78

1.16

1.22

1.76

2.00

0.61

0.60

1.58

0.98

1.28

1.48

Crowned lemur (Eulemur coronatus)

length

2.56

2.66

1.98

1.94

absence

2.04

2.16

0.97

1.03

1.68

1.64

1.10

1.56

width

2.06

2.06

0.78

0.90

1.90

2.24

0.87

1.03

1.38

1.18

0.60

0.78