Fig. 1

The boxplots show the deviations of abduction/adduction (Abd/Add) and internal/external rotation (IR/ER) of the CCLD and ECS groups compared to the CCL-intact stifles during (A) stifle extension (i.e., quadriceps with pulling force) and (B) flexion (i.e., quadriceps without pulling force). The central lines of the boxes and solid dots represent the median and mean values, respectively; the edges of the boxes represent the first and third quartiles of the distributions; the cross marks signify the outliers; and the ranges of the whiskers indicate the upper and lower extremes. Asterisks indicate significant kinematic deviations. Values with the same letters (a-b) differ significantly (p < 0.05)