Table 1 Variations in the salivary biomarkers of pigs with meningitis (n = 28) compared with the healthy group (n = 28)
Healthy group | Meningitis group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Median | Range | Median | Range | P value | |
Stress | |||||
Alpha-amylase (U/L) | 814.4 | 169.6–3264 | 7306 | 848–168,979 | < 0.001 |
Cortisol (ng/mL) | 42.40 | 16.8–105.6 | 72.4 | 29.2–212 | 0.032 |
Oxytocin (pg/mL) | 2256 | 506–3834 | 4108 | 1270–20,000 | 0.004 |
Inflammation | |||||
Haptoglobin (mg/L) | 2.51 | 0.85–4.23 | 3.87 | 3.48–5.86 | 0.021 |
ITIH4 (µg/L) | 17.70 | 2.64–43.94 | 32.96 | 7.10–519 | 0.023 |
Total proteins (mg/dL) | 135.9 | 34.24–288.2 | 264.4 | 156.6–316.4 | 0.001 |
S1000A8-A9 (Calprotectin) (mg/L) | 0.07 | 0.06–0.3 | 0.24 | 0.06–1.62 | < 0.001 |
S100A12 (Calgranulin C) (mg/L) | 0.20 | 0.03–0.92 | 0.72 | 0.31–4.72 | < 0.001 |
Redox status | |||||
FRAS (µmol/L) | 260 | 80–560 | 300 | 140–420 | 0.516 |
AOPP (µmol/L) | 122 | 33– 372 | 190 | 56–262 | 0.042 |
Muscle damage | |||||
Creatine kinase (U/L) | 89.2 | 26–184.3 | 123.5 | 58.1–787.2 | 0.011 |
Creatine kinase – MB (ng/mL) | 44.1 | 12.1–67.7 | 84.3 | 22.2–238.1 | 0.026 |
Troponin I (ng/mL) | 0.24 | 0.2–0.53 | 0.44 | 0.2–2.5 | 0.014 |
Lactate (mmol/L) | 9.2 | 1.8–55.2 | 30.1 | 5–307 | 0.042 |
Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) | 37.8 | 5.3–267.5 | 204.9 | 36.7–771.6 | < 0.001 |
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 111.3 | 30.6–306.9 | 287.2 | 94.9–109.1 | < 0.00 |
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 20.2 | 10.9–68.8 | 49.7 | 16.8–77.1 | 0.023 |
Sepsis | |||||
Procalcitonin (ng/mL) | 1857 | 245.2–4994 | 6121 | 30.5–33,736 | 0.014 |
Aldolase (U/L) | 15.2 | 8.9–51.2 | 25.5 | 13.9–63.8 | 0.012 |
Immune system | |||||
Adenosine deaminase (U/L) | 2008 | 1750–2688 | 18,400 | 7620–75,136 | < 0.001 |