Fig. 3

a The histopathological changes in the cecum, liver, and spleen of CNP-NS non supplemented chicks at 72 h post-challenge with S. Enteriditis. The cecum demonstrated moderate glandular proliferation (CG, green star), stromal round cell infiltration with replacement of some glands (ST, white star), and regenerative changes in others (CG, green star), lymphoid follicles appear reactive, and some are seen among the muscular walls (LF, brown star). The liver showed portal triads and interstitial lymphoplasmacytic aggregations (PA, RC, IST, light blue star) and apparently normal hepatocytes (HC).The germinal centres (GCs) of the spleen exhibited reactive changes. The scale bars are 50 and 100 um. b The histopathological changes in the cecum, liver, and spleen of CNP-NS supplemented chicks at 72 h post-challenge with S. Enteriditis. The cecum show mucosal and submucosal folds, villi, and stromal structures with seemingly normal lining epithelial keeping features, glandular morphology (black arrows), and lymphoplasmacytic inhabitant immune cells (blue arrows). The liver shows apparently normal central veins (blue arrows), portal structures, hepatocytes (light blue arrows) and sinusoidal endothelial Von Kupffer cells. The spleen demonstrates normal histo-morphology of the white pulp germinal centers (yellow arrows), red pulp and splenic cords lymphoplasmacytic populations (green arrows) Stain H&E 100, 400X (windows)