Table 4 Results of a survey of Scottish dairy farmers - reported antimicrobial usage (AMU) and practices on farm
Q | Indicators | Categories | N | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
12 | Most frequently used antibiotic | Penicillin Oxytetracycline Ceftiofur Tylosin | 52 6 2 1 | 85 (52/61) 10 (6/61) 3 (2/61) 2 (1/61) |
13 | Main condition treated with antibiotic | Mastitis Dry cow therapy Calf pneumonia Post-partum disease Calf diarrhoea Lameness | 36 13 9 4 2 1 | 59 (36/61) 21 (13/61) 15 (9/61) 6 (4/61) 3 (2/61) 2 (1/61) |
14 | Practices on farm to reduce antibiotic usage | Yes No | 55 6 | 90 (55/61) 10 (6/61) |
14 | Practices to reduce antibiotic usage mentioned in the open question | SDCTa Hygiene/comfort Vaccination Probiotics Footbath Milk culture | 38 12 7 4 2 2 | 69 (38/55) 22 (12/55) 13 (7/55) 7 (4/55) 4 (2/55) 4 (2/55) |
15 | Antibiotic treatment protocols on farm | Yes No, planning to have in future No and no intention to have | 41 16 4 | 67 (41/61) 26 (16/61) 7 (4/61) |
19 | Culture and sensitivity of samples | Regularly Occasionally Never | 14 37 10 | 23 (15/61) 61 (37/61) 16 (10/61) |
19.a | Reason for not using culture and sensitivity regularly | Delay of the results Uncertainty about the benefit Inconclusive results Cost | 34 14 6 3 | 72 (34/47) 30 (14/47) 13 (6/47) 6 (3/47) |
20 | SDCTa implemented on farm | Yes No, considering in the future No and no intention to have | 53 4 4 | 86 (53/61) 7 (4/61) 7 (4/61) |
20 | Proportion of cows receiving antibiotic at dry off (open question) | 0% 1–10% 11 − 10% 21–30% 40–50% 100% | 8 11 11 12 11 8 | 13 (8/61) 18 (11/61) 18 (11/61) 20 (12/61) 18 (11/61) 13 (8/61) |
21 | Antibiotic usage change last years | Less Same More | 55 6 0 | 90 (55/61) 10 (6/61) 0 (0/61) |
21.a | Reducing antibiotic usage was difficult | Yes No | 27 28 | 49 (27/55) 51 (28/55) |
21.b | Reducing antibiotic usage would be difficult | Yes No | 3 3 | 50 (3/6) 50 (3/6) |
21.a.b | Main barriers to reduce antibiotic usage (open question) | Limited facilities Lack of knowledge Increased labour Limited finances Welfare/productivity concern Lack of staff compliance | 11 9 7 7 6 3 | 37 (11/30) 30 (9/30) 23 (7/30) 23 (7/30) 20 (6/30) 10 (3/30) |
22 | Antibiotic usage change next 5 years | Less Same More | 53 8 0 | 87 (53/61) 13 (8/61) 0 (0/61) |