Longitudinal study of calf morbidity and mortality and the associated risk factors on urban and peri-urban dairy farms in southern Ethiopia

Table 5 Risk factors for calf morbidity rate based on multivariable Cox regression analysis Table 5. Risk factors for calf morbidity rate based on multivariable Cox regression analysis

Variables	Category	HR	P >z	95% CI for HR
Calf age	< 3 mon	Ref
Calf age	>3 mon	0.22	<0.001	0.12 - 0.39
Calf sex	Male	Ref
Calf sex	Female	0.57	0.018	0.36 - 0.91
Calving difficulty	No	Ref
Calving difficulty	Yes	2.4	0.022	1.13 - 5.03
Dairy farming as a primary source of income	Yes	Ref
Dairy farming as a primary source of income	No	1.7	0.029	1.05 - 2.65
Farmer’s education	No formal Edu	Ref
	Primary	0.61	0.184	0.30 - 1.26
	Secondary	0.26	0.007	0.10 - 0.69
	College	0.30	<0.001	0.16 - 0.58

ISSN: 1746-6148