Table 1 Summarized characteristics of studies reviewed

Year study conducted

Before year 2000

20 [34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53]

Year 2000–2019

23 [54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76]

Region of study

West Africa

20 [34, 36, 44, 45, 47, 49, 50, 53, 57, 58, 68, 70, 73, 77,78,79,80,81,82,83]

Central Africa

6 [51, 52, 59, 62, 84, 85]

East Africa

40 [35, 38, 46, 54, 55, 60, 61, 63,64,65,66,67, 69, 71, 72, 74,75,76, 86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107]

Southern Africa

14 [37, 39,40,41,42,43, 48, 108,109,110,111,112,113,114]

Two or more regions

4 [56, 115,116,117]

Objective of study

Effectiveness of intervention

63 [34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45, 47, 50, 51, 53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66, 77,78,79,80, 84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105, 108,109,110,111,112,113, 115, 116]

Cost-benefits of intervention

17 [67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76, 81,82,83, 106, 107, 114, 117]

Effectiveness and cost-benefits

4 [46, 48, 49, 52]

Study design

Experimental study

51 [34, 36,37,38,39,40,41, 43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56, 59, 60, 62, 77, 79, 80, 84, 85, 87, 90,91,92,93,94,95,96, 99, 100, 102,103,104,105, 108,109,110,111,112,113, 115, 116]

Cross-sectional study

16 [35, 42, 57, 58, 63, 65, 67, 70, 71, 73,74,75,76, 83, 89, 101]

Secondary data analysis

8 [78, 81, 82, 88, 97, 107, 114, 117]

Cohort study

2 [61, 72]

Mixed (Two or more study designs)

7 [64, 66, 68, 69, 86, 98, 106]

Animal species involved

Cattle

61 [36, 39,40,41,42, 44,45,46, 48, 54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67, 69,70,71, 73,74,75,76,77,78,79, 81, 87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99, 101, 103, 104, 106,107,108,109,110,111,112, 114,115,116,117]

Sheep

2 [49, 85]

Goats

12 [34, 47, 50, 53, 72, 80, 82, 84, 100, 102, 105, 113]

Buffalo

1 [43]

Mixed (large and small ruminants)

4 [37, 51, 52, 83]

Mixed (only small ruminants)

4 [35, 38, 68, 86]

Disease studied

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia

28 [44, 45, 56,57,58, 69,70,71, 77,78,79, 89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99, 106, 108, 109, 115,116,117]

Foot and mouth disease

15 [46, 59,60,61,62,63, 73, 74, 81, 101, 107, 110,111,112,113]

Bovine tuberculosis

10 [39,40,41,42,43, 54, 55, 87, 88, 114]

Pestes des petits ruminants

9 [50,51,52,53, 80, 82, 83, 85, 105]

Lumpy skin disease

7 [64,65,66, 75, 76, 103, 104]

Blackleg

2 [38, 67]

Brucellosis

2 [36, 37]

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia

2 [72, 100]

Pasteurellosis

2 [48, 49]

Two or more infectious diseases

7 [34, 35, 47, 68, 84, 86, 102]