Table 2 Marginal (model adjusted) mean comparison for calculated values of area under the curve (AUC), peak plasma concentration (Cmax), Time to Cmax for glucose, lactate, insulin, c-peptide and total GLP-1. Last row shows the marginal mean of insulin sensitivity estimate (S_I) for the two arms of the experimental protocol

AUC Glucose (mmol·min/l)

2026

1948

2106

1843

1759

1927

0.007

C_max Glucose (mmol/l)

7.85

7.26

8.44

6.49

6.14

6.84

 ≤ 0.001

AUC Lactate (mmol·min/l)

157

140

175

143

121

166

0.3

C_max Lactate (mmol/l)

0.70

0.64

0.76

0.62

0.54

0.69

0.2

AUC Insulin (µU·min/ml)

11,989

9673

14,305

9316

7430

11,202

0.003

C_max Insulin (µU/ml)

69.55

49.86

89.24

55.17

39.41

70.99

0.003

AUC c-peptide (pmol·min/l)

73,382

68,876

77,888

69,831

63,931

75,730

0.3

C_max c-peptide (pmol/l)

257.08

230.90

264.49

247.70

230.90

264.49

0.4

AUC Total GLP-1 (pmol·min/l)

9046

1563

16,530

7132

485

13,779

0.04

Time to C_max Total GLP-1 (min)

188

135

240

333

290

375

0.002

S_I (10^–4· µU/ml⁻¹·min⁻¹)

1.93

0.01

3.86

7.49

3.46

11.52

0.02