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Table 5 Echocardiographic measurements of 42 pugs subdivided into BOAS- and BOAS+ group

From: Reference ranges for standard-echocardiography in pugs and impact of clinical severity of Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) on echocardiographic parameters

 

BOAS-

BOAS+

N = 42

21

21

 

mean ± SD

median

range (min - max)

mean ± SD

median

range (min - max)

2-D measurements and SMOD-derived LV volumes

  LA [cm]

2.07 ± 0.37

1.99

1.33 - 2.69

1.97 ± 0.35

1.95

1.42 - 2.56

  Ao [cm]

1.52 ± 0.13

1.51

1.22 - 1.7

1.53 ± 0.18

1.5

1.25 - 1.95

  LA:Ao

1.36 ± 0.18

1.37

0.95 - 1.63

1.29 ± 0.17

1.24

0.97 - 1.61

  LVLd [cm]

4.28 ± 0.4

4.27

3.61 - 5.26

4.23 ± 0.52

4.18

3.49 - 5.22

  LVWd [cm]

2.64 ± 0.26

2.7

2.14 - 2.97

2.58 ± 0.3

2.62

1.95 - 3.28

  SI

1.64 ± 0.17

1.61

1.3 - 1.93

1.66 ± 0.2

1.64

1.33 - 2.17

  LVEDV [mL]

19.15 ± 4.32

19.81

11.63 - 26.33

18.03 ± 3.99

18.41

9.5 - 27.25

  LVESV [mL]

7.41 ± 2.39

6.75

3.7 - 11.69

7.21 ± 1.87

7.21

3.41 - 11.99

  EDVI [mL/m²]

43.93 ± 9.75

44.3

26.61 - 57.71

42.05 ± 6.9

41.94

27.57 - 52.46

  ESVI [mL/m²]

17.17 ± 6.15

14.8

8.73 - 29.1

16.97 ± 4.12

16.76

7.09 - 25.7

  EDV:BW [mL/kg]

2.14 ± 0.5

2.18

1.29 - 2.88

2.07 ± 0.34

2.05

1.51 - 2.63

  ESV:BW [mL/kg]

0.84 ± 0.32

0.71

0.43 - 1.5

0.84 ± 0.22

0.82

0.33 - 1.31

  EF [%]

61.03 ± 10.26

61.32

35.9 - 74.51

59.48 ± 7.76

58.53

49.81 - 82.66

M-mode measurements

LV measurements

      

  LVIDd [cm]

2.67 ± 0.22

2.71

2.11 - 3.1

2.56 ± 0.27

2.59

1.94 - 3.19

  LVIDs [cm]

1.84 ± 0.29

1.84

1.02 - 2.24

1.84 ± 0.26

1.82

1.46 - 2.43

  IVSd [cm]

0.78 ± 0.13

0.8

0.57 - 1.09

0.82 ± 0.2

0.82

0.55 - 1.28

  IVSs [cm]

1.03 ± 0.12

1.02

0.82 - 1.25

1.07 ± 0.19

1.08

0.82 - 1.48

  LVPWd [cm]

0.8 ± 0.10

0.8

0.66 - 1.02

0.8 ± 0.08

0.82

0.66 - 0.94

  LVPWs [cm]

1.13 ± 0.13

1.11

0.89 - 1.41

1.04 ± 0.18

1.05

0.44 - 1.34

  FS [%]

30.26 ± 6.7

30.69

17.43 - 41.22

28.06 ± 6.32

26.32

19.09 - 44.86

  EPSS [mm]

3.14 ± 1.97

2.6

1.3 - 10.1

3 ± 1.36

3

0.7 - 6.1

RV measurements

(N = 17)

  

(N = 16)

  

  TAPSE [mm]

9.55 ± 1.31

9.7

7.1 - 12.1

9.88 ± 1.96

9.2

6.8 - 13.4

  TAPSE:Ao

0.62 ± 0.08

0.62

0.47 - 0.75

0.65 ± 0.12

0.62

0.48 - 0.81

Doppler measurements

  Avel [m/s]

1.4 ± 0.26

1.31

0.92 - 1.84

1.39 ± 0.24

42

0.97 - 1.75

  Pvel [m/s]

0.86 ± 0.17

0.85

0.51 - 1.17

0.76* ± 0.11

0.78

0.54 - 0.92

  MV E [m/s]

0.82 ± 0.12

0.82

0.62 - 1.08

0.82 ± 0.14

0.78

0.64 - 1.13

  MV A [m/s]

0.63 ± 0.14

0.61

0.48 - 1.15

0.59 ± 0.08

0.58

0.43 - 0.73

  MV E:A

1.33 ± 0.24

1.36

0.61 - 1.71

1.4 ± 0.32

1.29

1.03 - 2.17

  TV E [m/s]

0.71 ± 0.12

0.72

0.43 - 0.9

0.7 ± 0.15

0.69

0.48 - 1.14

  TV A [m/s]

0.51 ± 0.14

0.49

0.18 - 0.75

0.49 ± 0.1

0.48

0.35 - 0.71

  MV E:A

1.53 ± 0.68

1.42

0.84 - 3.94

1.47 ± 0.36

1.49

0.79 - 2.38

  1. *significantly lower than BOAS- (p = 0.0401)
  2. 2-D two-dimensional, Ao aortic root diameter Avel aortic peak velocity, BOAS Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome EF ejection fraction, EDV:BW left ventricular end-diastolic volume indexed to body weight, EDVI indexed left ventricular end-diastolic volume to body surface area, ESV:BW left ventricular end-systolic volume indexed to body weight, ESVI indexed left ventricular end-systolic volume to body surface area, EPSS E-Point to septum separation, FS fractional shortening, IVSd/s interventricular septum diastole/systole, LA left atrial diameter, LV left ventricle, LVEDV left ventricular end-diastolic volume, LVESV left ventricular end-systolic volume, LVIDd/s left ventricular internal diameter diastole/systole, LVLd left ventricular length diastole, LVPWd/s left ventricular posterior wall diastole/systole, LVWd left ventricular width diastole, MV A mitral A-wave, MV E mitral E-wave, N number of subjects, Pvel pulmonic peak velocity, RV right ventricle SI sphericity index, SD standard deviation, SMOD Simpson’s modified method of discs, TAPSE tricuspid annular plane systolic motion excursion (n = 33), TV A tricuspid A-wave, TV E tricuspid E-wave
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