Table 4 2-D, M-Mode and Doppler measurements for 51 pugs meeting criteria for establishing reference ranges

2-D measurements and SMOD-derived LV volumes

  LA [cm]

2.01 ± 0.37

1.96

1.3 - 2.69

1.32 - 2.56

(1.3 - 1.51) - (2.52 - 2.69)

  Ao [cm]

1.51 ± 0.16

1.51

1.1 - 1.95

1.1 - 1.92

(1.1 - 1.31) - (1.68 - 1.95)

  LA:Ao

1.32 ± 0.17

1.3

0.95 - 1.65

0.97 - 1.63

(0.95 - 1.13) - (1.56 - 1.65)

  LVLd [cm]

4.27 ± 0.44

4.2

3.49 - 5.25

3.56 - 5.22

(3.49 - 3.72) - (4.85 - 5.26)

  LVWd [cm]

2.61 ± 0.27

2.62

1.95 - 3.28

2.14 - 3.03

(1.95 - 2.27) - (2.93 - 3.28)

  SI

1.64 ± 0.17

1.62

1.3 - 2.17

1.33 - 1.93

(1.3 - 1.45) - (1.85 - 2.17)

  LVEDV [mL]

18.76 ± 2.33

18.77

9.5 - 27.25

11.63 - 26.58

(9.5 - 13.8) - (24.02 - 27.25)

  LVESV [mL]

7.35 ± 2.33

7.21

3.06 - 12.54

3.41 - 11.99

(3.06 - 4.74) - (10.60 - 12.54)

  EDVI [mL/m²]

43.07 ± 7.99

43.27

26.61 - 57.71

27.57 - 57.69

(26.61 - 32.9) - (52.46 - 57.71)

  ESVI [mL/m²]

16.98 ± 5.23

16.7

7.09 - 29.1

8.61 - 28.46

(7.09 - 10.97) - (23.96 - 29.1)

  EDV:BW [mL/kg]

2.1 ± 0.39

2.09

1.29 - 2.88

1.32 – 2.79

(1.29 - 1.64) - (2.74 - 2.88)

  ESV:BW [mL/kg]

0.83 ± 0.27

0.81

0.33 - 1.5

0.43 – 1.43

(0.33 - 0.52) - (1.19 - 1,5)

  EF [%]

60.67 ± 9.16

60.46

35.9 - 82.66

45.39 - 75.28

(35.9 - 50.24) - (74.05 - 82.66)

M-mode measurements

LV measurements

  LVIDd [cm]

2.65 ± 0.3

2.66

1.94 - 3.71

2.11 - 3.21

(1.94 - 2.28) - (2.95 - 3.71)

  LVIDs [cm]

1.86 ± 0.27

1.91

1.02 - 2.43

1.46 - 2.34

(1.02 - 1.5) - (2.17 - 2.43)

  IVSd [cm]

0.79 ± 0.15

0.74

0.52 - 1.11

0.55 - 1.09

(0.52 - 0.62) - (0.99 - 1.11)

  IVSs [cm]

1.05 ± 0.09

1.04

0.82 - 1.48

0.82 - 1.39

(0.82 - 0.87) - (1.22 - 1.48)

  LVPWd [cm]

0.8 ± 0.09

0.79

0.64 - 1.02

0.66 - 0.99

(0.64 - 0.69) - (0.92 - 1.02)

  LVPWs [cm]

1.11 ± 0.14

1.1

0.86 - 1.46

0.87 - 1.41

(0.86 - 0.97) - (1.28 - 1.46)

  FS [%]

29.31 ± 6.27

29.5

17.43 - 44.86

18.71 - 43.79

(17.43 - 22.82) - (37.04 - 44.86)

  EPSS [mm]

2.89 ± 6.27

2.75

0.7 - 6.1

0.9 - 5.9

(0.7 - 1.5) - (4.5 - 6.1)

RV measurements (N = 40)

  TAPSE [mm]

9.32 ± 1.75

9.2

5.5 - 13.4

6 - 12.75

(5.5 - 7.6) - (11.5 - 13.4)

  TAPSE:Ao

0.62 ± 0.11

0.61

0.34 - 0.81

0.38 - 0.81

(0.34 - 0.49) - (0.77 - 0.81)

Doppler measurements

  Avel [m/s]

1.39 ± 0.24

1.39

0.92 - 1.84

0.94 - 1.75

(0.92-1.05) - (1.65 - 1.84)

  Pvel [m/s]

0.81 ± 0.16

0.79

0.51 - 1.25

0.54 - 1.17

(0.51 - 0.6) - (1.02 - 1.25)

  MV E [m/s]

0.8 ± 0.13

0.82

0.43 - 1.13

0.62 - 1.08

(0.43 - 0.65) - (0.95 - 1.13)

  MV A [m/s]

0.6 ± 0.09

0.59

0.39 - 0.82

0.42 - 0.77

(0.39 - 0.48) - (0.7 - 0.82)

  MV E:A

1.36 ± 0.29

1.35

0.56 - 2.17

0.61 - 1.07

(0.56 - 1.07) - (1.71 - 2.17)

  TV E [m/s]

0.69 ± 0.13

0.71

0.43 - 1.14

0.46 - 0.96

(0.43 - 0.49) - (0.8 - 1.14)

  TV A [m/s]

0.5 ± 0.11

0.48

0.31 - 0.75

0.32 - 0.74

(0.31 - 0.4) - (0.67 - 0.75)

  TV E:A

1.42 ± 0.34

1.49

0.68 - 2.38

0.79 - 2.09

(0.68 - 0.93) - (1.71 - 2.38)