Fig. 1

The dietary intervention’s impact on fermentative metabolism, including fecal ammonium concentrations (A) and percent changes in short chain fatty acids from baseline measurements at Days 3 and 56 (B), and representative fecal metabolomics relative abundance measurements plotted over time for the polyamine spermidine (C) and the monosaccharide xylose (D). Gray lines indicate a statistical model of the data; for spermidine this is a quadratic fit plateauing at Day 3, while xylose was fitted to a linear model. Error bars herein represent the standard error of measurements taken from group sizes ranging from 11 to 27 (Day 1), 8–28 (Day 2), 10–30 (Day 3), 3–23 (Day 14), 6–22 (Day 28), and 14–22 (Day 56). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001