Influence of heart rate on right ventricular function assessed by right heart catheterization and echocardiography in healthy anesthetized dogs

Table 1 Changes in hemodynamic variables at various right atrial pacing rates in 8 healthy anesthetized dogs

Variables	Baseline (range: 70 – 112)	120 bpm	140 bpm	160 bpm	180 bpm	p*
Maximal RV pressure (mmHg)	22.1 ± 2.7	22.6 ± 2.1	22.7 ± 1.9	22.5 ± 2.3	23.0 ± 2.4	0.453
Minimal RV pressure (mmHg)	6.6 ± 2.3	5.6 ± 1.9	5.7 ± 2.1	5.7 ± 2.0	5.9 ± 2.0	0.033
Maximal RV volume (mL)	55.8 ± 9.2	54.0 ± 8.8 ^a	53.2 ± 9.3 ^a	52.2 ± 8.7 ^a,b	51.4 ± 8.6 ^a,b	< 0.001
Minimal RV volume (mL)	48.6 ± 7.4	46.2 ± 7.5	45.6 ± 7.4	44.8 ± 6.9 ^a,b	44.7 ± 6.8 ^a,b	< 0.001
Stroke volume (mL)	7.2 ± 2.1	7.8 ± 2.2	7.6 ± 2.6	7.4 ± 2.5	6.7 ± 2.3 ^c	0.026
Cardiac output (L/min)	0.72 ± 0.3	0.94 ± 0.3	1.1 ± 0.4 ^a	1.2 ± 0.4 ^a	1.2 ± 0.4 ^a	< 0.001
Ees (mmHg/mL)	4.1 ± 0.9	4.6 ± 1.2	5.0 ± 1.5	4.9 ± 1.3 ^a	5.1 ± 1.0 ^a	0.018
Ea (mmHg/mL)	2.3 ± 1.0	2.1 ± 0.6	2.2 ± 0.9	2.2 ± 0.7	2.6 ± 0.9^b	0.047
Ees/Ea	2.0 ± 0.5	2.3 ± 0.6	2.4 ± 0.6	2.3 ± 0.4	2.1 ± 0.5	0.313

Data are represented as mean ± standard deviation for normally distributed data or median (interquartile range) for non-normally distributed data
Ea effective arterial elastance, Ees end-systolic elastance, RV right ventricular
^*P value of the repeated-measures analysis of variance
^aThe value is significantly different from baseline (p < 0.050)
^bThe value is significantly different from 120 bpm (p < 0.050)
^cThe value is significantly different from 160 bpm (p < 0.050)

ISSN: 1746-6148