Table 3 Mean fasted clinical biochemistry results with 95% confidence intervals for each diet group (Control, n = 5; Test, n = 6) and sampling time (baseline and 3, 14 and 28 days), as well as results of the statistical analysis (p-values). In the left column, units for each parameter are provided in parentheses and IDEXX lab reference ranges (unless otherwise specified) for each parameter are provided in italics
Parameter | Sampling time | Control | Test | Statistical analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | 95% CI | Mean | 95% CI | Diff. within Test diet | Diff. between diets† | ||
Total protein (g/L) 54.9-75.3 | Baseline | 56.1 | (54.0, 58.2) | 57.4 | (55.5, 59.4) | – | – |
Day 3 | 55.9 | (53.8, 58.1) | 56.2 | (54.3, 58.2) | NS | NS | |
Day 14 | 56.6 | (54.5, 58.8) | 56.3 | (54.4, 58.3) | NS | NS | |
Day 28 | 57.5 | (55.4, 59.6) | 56.8 | (54.8, 58.7) | NS | NS | |
Albumin (g/L) 26.3-38.2 | Baseline | 29.7 | (27.9, 31.5) | 29.7 | (28.0, 31.3) | – | – |
Day 3 | 29.7 | (27.9, 31.5) | 29.3 | (27.7, 31.0) | NS | NS | |
Day 14 | 30.2 | (28.4, 32.0) | 29.4 | (27.8, 31.1) | NS | NS | |
Day 28 | 30.9* | (29.1, 32.7) | 29.9 | (28.2, 31.5) | NS | NS | |
Globulin (g/L) 23.4-42.2 | Baseline | 26.4 | (24.8, 28.1) | 27.7 | (26.2, 29.3) | – | – |
Day 3 | 26.2 | (24.5, 27.9) | 26.9 | (25.3, 28.4) | NS | NS | |
Day 14 | 26.4 | (24.8, 28.1) | 26.9 | (25.4, 28.4) | NS | NS | |
Day 28 | 26.6 | (24.9, 28.3) | 26.9 | (25.3, 28.4) | NS | NS | |
Alb:glob ratio 0.7-1.4 | Baseline | 1.13 | (1.02, 1.23) | 1.07 | (0.98, 1.17) | – | – |
Day 3 | 1.14 | (1.03, 1.25) | 1.10 | (1.00, 1.20) | NS | NS | |
Day 14 | 1.15 | (1.04, 1.25) | 1.10 | (1.00, 1.20) | NS | NS | |
Day 28 | 1.17 | (1.06, 1.27) | 1.12 | (1.02, 1.22) | NS | NS | |
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (U/L) 19.8-124 | Baseline | 36.6 | (26.4, 50.6) | 44.5 | (33.1, 59.8) | – | – |
Day 3 | 45.1 | (32.6, 62.5) | 59.9 | (44.5, 80.6) | NS | NS | |
Day 14 | 47.7 | (34.5, 66.0) | 52.0 | (38.7, 70.0) | NS | NS | |
Day 28 | 49.9 | (36.1, 69.0) | 48.9 | (36.3, 65.7) | NS | NS | |
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (U/L) 14-41 | Baseline | 31.9 | (24.7, 41.3) | 39.1 | (30.9, 49.4) | – | – |
Day 3 | 39.2* | (30.4, 50.7) | 43.0 | (34.1, 54.4) | NS | NS | |
Day 14 | 41.2* | (31.8, 53.2) | 50.1* | (39.6, 63.3) | < 0.001 | NS | |
Day 28 | 37.3* | (28.9, 48.2) | 44.2 | (35.0, 55.9) | NS | NS | |
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (U/L) < 130 | Baseline | 41.0 | (28.9, 53.1) | 40.7 | (29.6, 51.7) | – | – |
Day 3 | 48.2 | (36.1, 60.3) | 53.8* | (42.8, 64.9) | 0.002 | NS | |
Day 14 | 46.4 | (34.3, 58.5) | 58.2* | (47.1, 69.2) | < 0.001 | NS | |
Day 28 | 44.8 | (32.7, 56.9) | 52.8* | (41.8, 63.9) | 0.004 | NS | |
Bone-specific ALP (U/L) | Baseline | 12.6 | (10.1, 15.2) | 12.3 | (10.0, 14.6) | – | – |
Day 3 | 13.1 | (10.6, 15.7) | 12.9 | (10.6, 15.2) | NS | NS | |
Day 14 | 13.2 | (10.7, 15.7) | 12.3 | (10.0, 14.6) | NS | NS | |
Day 28 | 13.2 | (10.7, 15.7) | 11.8 | (9.5, 14.1) | NS | NS | |
Creatinine (μmol/L) 44-133 | Baseline | 90.7 | (79.3, 104) | 87.8 | (77.7, 99.2) | – | – |
Day 3 | 85.9 | (75.1, 98.3) | 77.7* | (68.7, 87.8) | < 0.001 | NS | |
Day 14 | 91.6 | (80.1, 105.0) | 82.8 | (73.3, 93.6) | NS | NS | |
Day 28 | 94.1 | (82.3, 108.0) | 87.1 | (77.1, 98.5) | NS | NS | |
Urea (mmol/L) 3.1-10.1 | Baseline | 5.50 | (4.41, 6.59) | 5.56 | (4.56, 6.56) | – | – |
Day 3 | 5.14 | (4.05, 6.24) | 4.76 | (3.77, 5.76) | NS | NS | |
Day 14 | 5.64 | (4.55, 6.74) | 4.71 | (3.71, 5.70) | NS | NS | |
Day 28 | 5.61 | (4.51, 6.70) | 5.09 | (4.09, 6.08) | NS | NS | |
Cholesterol (mmol/L) 3.20-6.20 | Baseline | 4.25 | (3.46, 5.22) | 4.68 | (3.88, 5.64) | – | – |
Day 3 | 4.11 | (3.35, 5.04) | 4.21* | (3.49, 5.08) | 0.005 | NS | |
Day 14 | 4.05 | (3.30, 4.98) | 4.02* | (3.33, 4.84) | < 0.001 | NS | |
Day 28 | 4.15 | (3.38, 5.10) | 4.14* | (3.43, 5.00) | < 0.001 | NS | |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) 0.30-1.20 | Baseline | 0.61 | (0.48, 0.77) | 0.49 | (0.39, 0.61) | – | – |
Day 3 | 0.59 | (0.46, 0.75) | 0.47 | (0.38, 0.59) | NS | NS | |
Day 14 | 0.65 | (0.51, 0.83) | 0.51 | (0.41, 0.64) | NS | NS | |
Day 28 | 0.68 | (0.54, 0.86) | 0.51 | (0.41, 0.63) | NS | NS | |
Glucose (mmol/L) 3.6-7.0 | Baseline | 5.60 | (5.12, 6.09) | 5.34 | (4.89, 5.78) | – | – |
Day 3 | 5.50 | (5.01, 5.98) | 5.19 | (4.75, 5.63) | NS | NS | |
Day 14 | 5.42 | (4.94, 5.90) | 4.93 | (4.49, 5.37) | NS | NS | |
Day 28 | 5.65 | (5.17, 6.14) | 4.82* | (4.38, 5.26) | 0.017 | NS | |
Calcium (mmol/L) 2.36-2.84 | Baseline | 2.48 | (2.40, 2.56) | 2.43 | (2.36, 2.50) | – | – |
Day 3 | 2.45 | (2.37, 2.53) | 2.38 | (2.30, 2.45) | NS | NS | |
Day 14 | 2.41 | (2.33, 2.49) | 2.36* | (2.28, 2.43) | 0.043 | NS | |
Day 30 | 2.50 | (2.42, 2.58) | 2.43 | (2.36, 2.51) | NS | NS | |
Ionised calcium (mmol/L) 1.19-1.33 | Baseline | 1.32 | (1.29, 1.35) | 1.31 | (1.28, 1.33) | – | – |
Day 3 | 1.27* | (1.24, 1.30) | 1.26* | (1.23, 1.28) | < 0.001 | NS | |
Day 14 | 1.32 | (1.29, 1.35) | 1.27* | (1.24, 1.30) | 0.004 | NS | |
Day 30 | 1.32 | (1.29, 1.35) | 1.30 | (1.27, 1.33) | NS | NS | |
Inorganic phosphate (P) (mmol/L) 0.80-1.60 | Baseline | 1.26 | (1.10, 1.43) | 1.22 | (1.08, 1.37) | – | – |
Day 3 | 1.18 | (1.04, 1.35) | 1.56 | (1.38, 1.76) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
Day 14 | 1.16 | (1.02, 1.33) | 1.65 | (1.46, 1.85) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
Day 30 | 1.25 | (1.10, 1.43) | 1.73 | (1.54, 1.95) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) (pmol/L) 275-2100 [26] | Baseline | 738 | (335, 1639) | 521 | (236, 1150) | – | – |
Day 28 | 549 | (249, 1210) | 640 | (275, 1490) | NS | NS | |