Table 1 Mean ± standard deviation values of cardiorespiratory parameters, in dogs treated with ketamine (GK: bolus 0.5 mg kg⁻¹; CRI 20 µg kg⁻¹ min⁻¹ in intra- and postoperative periods), fentanyl (GF: bolus 5 µg kg⁻¹; intraoperative CRI 5 µg kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ and postoperative CRI 2 µg kg⁻¹ h⁻¹), or combination of ketamine-fentanyl (GKF: aforementioned doses) in intraoperative period

HR

(beats minute⁻¹)

GK

104 ± 13

129 ± 27

126 ± 32^a

120 ± 42^a

123 ± 33^a

117 ± 22^a

120 ± 16^a

113 ± 16^a

115 ± 13^a

GKF

110 ± 22

87 ± 9

71 ± 8^#b

69 ± 6^#b

72 ± 16^#b

66 ± 14^#b

72 ± 24^#b

75 ± 16^#b

82 ± 16^#b

GF

97 ± 35

113 ± 32

88 ± 25^ab

57 ± 15^#b

58 ± 10^#a.b

71 ± 13^b

68 ± 15^#b

66 ± 11^#b

69 ± 12^#b

f_R

(breaths minute⁻¹)

GK

30 ± 10

17 ± 1^#

17 ± 1^#

16 ± 1^#

15 ± 1^#

15 ± 1^#

16 ± 2^#

16 ± 2^#

16 ± 2^#

GKF

34 ± 14

17 ± 2^#

16 ± 1^#

15 ± 2^#

15 ± 1^#

15 ± 1^#

14 ± 3^#

15 ± 1^#

14 ± 3^#

GF

28 ± 4^#

20 ± 5^#

14 ± 2

15 ± 3^#

15 ± 4^#

15 ± 2^#

17 ± 2^#

17 ± 1^#

17 ± 1^#

MAP

(mmHg)

GK

-

75 ± 14

70 ± 16

74 ± 13

90 ± 8^a

81 ± 13

78 ± 10

77 ± 11

77 ± 9

GKF

-

74 ± 7

72 ± 9

60 ± 14

66 ± 10^b

72 ± 12

76 ± 15

77 ± 6

79 ± 9

GF

-

73 ± 6

75 ± 8

73 ± 2

81 ± 15^ab

89 ± 20

65 ± 40

87 ± 25

74 ± 10

SpO₂

(%)

GK

-

99 ± 2

99 ± 2

99 ± 2

99 ± 1

99 ± 1

99 ± 1

99 ± 1

99 ± 2

GKF

-

98 ± 1

98 ± 1

97 ± 2

97 ± 2

97 ± 2

97 ± 1

97 ± 1

98 ± 1

GF

-

99 ± 1

99 ± 1

99 ± 1

99 ± 1

98 ± 2

98 ± 1

98 ± 1

98 ± 1

FE^´CO2 (mmHg)

GK

-

36 ± 6

35 ± 6

34 ± 3

35 ± 4

34 ± 2

33 ± 5

34 ± 5

34 ± 5

GKF

-

27 ± 6

31 ± 1

31 ± 1

30 ± 3

32 ± 4

31 ± 2

32 ± 4

32 ± 5

GF

-

28 ± 2

30 ± 3

31 ± 4

33 ± 5

32 ± 4

33 ± 5

32 ± 5

31 ± 5