Skip to main content

Table 1 Cardiovascular and respiratory data and calculations during general anaesthesia of six horses investigated in the “intubated” (INT) and “non-intubated” (nINT) treatment groups

From: Nasal and tracheobronchial nitric oxide production and its influence on oxygenation in horses undergoing total intravenous anaesthesia

 

Time of measurement

 

Parameter

Treatment group (n = 6)

Baseline (B)

Sedation (S)

A10

A20

A30

A40

A50

A60

A70

A80

A90

A100

p-value (group comparison)

HR (beats/minute)

INT

  

36.0 ± 5.0

34.0 ± 4.0

34.0 ± 2.0

34.0 ± 2.0

35.0 ± 4.0

36.0 ± 4.0

38.0 ± 4.0

35.0 ± 1.0

34.0 ± 2.0

35.0 ± 2.0

0.538

 

nINT

  

35.0 ± 2.0

35.0 ± 2.0

35.0 ± 3.0

36.0 ± 3.0

37.0 ± 4.0

38.0 ± 4.0

38.0 ± 4.0

36.0 ± 3.0

35.0 ± 4.0

35.0 ± 5.0

 

MAP (mmHg)

INT

  

112 ± 5

107 ± 17

112 ± 14

117 ± 42

98 ± 3

99 ± 13

98 ± 10

98 ± 12

99 ± 13

97 ± 13

0.587

 

nINT

  

115 ± 5

111 ± 8

104 ± 11

97 ± 13

96 ± 12

92 ± 12

90 ± 15

98 ± 13

99 ± 14

101 ± 16

 

MPAP (mmHg)

INT

26 ± 05

29 ± 4

29 ± 5

27 ± 7

29 ± 2

29 ± 5

27 ± 5

21 ± 1

24 ± 4

24 ± 2

27 ± 5

29 ± 8

0.311

 

nINT

26 ± 5

36 ± 4

27 ± 7

26 ± 7

24 ± 11

23 ± 10

22 ± 11

21 ± 10

20 ± 13

21 ± 10

23 ± 3

23 ± 3

 

CI (mL/min/kg)

INT

    

85.8 ± 22.6

 

85.0 ± 12.1

 

88.7 ± 16.1

 

83.8 ± 15.9

 

0.375

 

nINT

    

72.2 ± 4.9

 

85.7 ± 9.3

 

85.7 ± 7.7

 

80.9 ± 15.0

  

SVI (mL/kg)

INT

    

2.5 ± 0.7

 

2.4 ± 0.4

 

2.4 ± 0.6

 

2.5 ± 0.5

 

0.253

 

nINT

    

2.0 ± 0.2

 

2.3 ± 0.2

 

2.3 ± 0.2

 

2.3 ± 0.6

  

SVRI (dynes/s/cm)

INT

    

110.5 ± 32.4

 

94.1 ± 17.4

 

90.3 ± 15.4

 

96.1 ± 15.7

 

0.953

 

nINT

    

114.7 ± 15.3

 

89.8 ± 8.2

 

84.8 ± 15.7

 

100.0 ± 17.1

  

RR (breaths/minute)

INT

  

14.0 ± 2.0

13.0 ± 3.0

17.0 ± 3.0

16.0 ± 5.0

16.0 ± 4.0

17.0 ± 4.0

17.0 ± 7.0

19.0 ± 9.0

17.0 ± 6.0

15.0 ± 5.0

0.667

 

nINT

  

14.0 ± 3.0

14.0 ± 5.0

14.0 ± 8.0

15.0 ± 6.0

15.0 ± 5.0

15.0 ± 5.0

16.2 ± 6.0

16.0 ± 6.0

14.0 ± 5.0

15.0 ± 4.0

 

FiO2

INT

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

 
 

nINT

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

 

PaO2 (kPa)

INT

13.8 ± 3.4

11.0 ± 1.2

7.1 ± 0.7b

6.9 ± 0.7b

6.7 ± 1.1b

5.9 ± 0.9b

5.9 ± 0.7b

5.7 ± 0.8b

5.5 ± 1.1b

5.7 ± 1.0b

5.9 ± 0.6b

5.8 ± 0.9b

0.613

 

nINT

13.2 ± 1.2

11.4 ± 1.7

6.8 ± 0.9b

6.4 ± 0.7b

6.3 ± 0.7b

6.1 ± 0.6b

6.2 ± 0.6b

5.9 ± 0.4b

6.2 ± 0.5 b

6.3 ± 0.5b

6.4 ± 0.3b

6.4 ± 0.7b

 

PaCO2 (kPa)

INT

5.4 ± 0.4

5.7 ± 0.4b

5.9 ± 0.8

6.1 ± 0.5

5.6 ± 0.6

5.9 ± 0.3

5.8 ± 0.3

5.5 ± 0.4

5.7 ± 0.3

5.8 ± 0.4

5.7 ± 0.2

5.8 ± 0.7

0.072

 

nINT

5.4 ± 0.3

5.7 ± 0.3

6.1 ± 0.5

6.6 ± 0.5b

6.3 ± 0.8

6.1 ± 0.7

6.3 ± 0.8b

6.3 ± 0.7b

6.2 ± 0.7

6.3 ± 0.7

6.4 ± 0.8

6.5 ± 0.8b

 

SaO2 (%)

INT

95.7 ± 1.2

95.7 ± 2.4

90.0 ± 2.4b

89.5 ± 3.2b

88.9 ± 3.4b

85.9 ± 3.2b

85.6 ± 3.5b

86.4 ± 4.2b

82.8 ± 5.0b

84.3 ± 6.3b

85.7 ± 3.3b

84.0 ± 6.2b

0.686

 

nINT

96.1 ± 0.3

95.8 ± 1.0

89.3 ± 2.9b

86.8 ± 2.6b

87.2 ± 3.8b

86.6 ± 3.1b

86.4 ± 2.9b

85.3 ± 2.3b

86.7 ± 2.5b

87.2 ± 1.9b

86.5 ± 3.1b

87.4 ± 3.4b

 

Hb (g/dL)

INT

16.0 ± 2.8

12.5 ± 0.8

12.1 ± 1.4

11.6 ± 0.7

11.0 ± 0.9b

10.3 ± 1.2b

10.0 ± 1.3b

11.3 ± 2.2b

10.5 ± 1.8

10.2 ± 1.4b

9.7 ± 1.0b

10.4 ± 1.0b

0.199

 

nINT

14.7 ± 1.9

11.5 ± 0.9b

11.6 ± 1.3 b

10.7 ± 0.5b

10.1 ± 1.4b

9.7 ± 1.2b

9.6 ± 1.3b

9.3 ± 1.2b

9.3 ± 1.3b

9.5 ± 1.4b

9.3 ± 1.2b

10.0 ± 2.3b

 

CaO2 (mL/L)

INT

  

14.7 ± 1.6

14.1 ± 0.6

13.2 ± 1.1

12.0 ± 1.5

11.6 ± 1.6

13.1 ± 2.4

11.8 ± 2.4

11.7 ± 2.3

11.2 ± 1.2

11.9 ± 1.4

0.309

 

nINT

  

14.0 ± 1.3

12.5 ± 0.8

12.0 ± 2.0

11.4 ± 1.8

11.3 ± 1.8

10.8 ± 1.5

10.9 ± 1.8

11.2 ± 1.8

10.9 ± 1.4

11.9 ± 3.0

 

PAO2 (kPa)a

INT

  

11.8 ± 1.0

11.4 ± 0.6

12.2 ± 1.1

12.1 ± 0.6

12.2 ± 0.8

12.6 ± 1.1

12.5 ± 0.6

12.6 ± 0.5b

12.0 ± 0.3

12.5 ± 0.9

0.024a

 

nINT

  

11.3 ± 0.6

10.7 ± 0.7

11.1 ± 1.1

11.3 ± 0.9

11.2 ± 0.8

11.2 ± 0.6

11.5 ± 0.8

11.3 ± 0.6

11.4 ± 1.2

11.3 ± 1.4

 

P(A-a)O2 (kPa)a

INT

  

4.7 ± 1.0

4.5 ± 0.9

5.6 ± 1.7

6.1 ± 1.3

6.3 ± 1.3

6.7 ± 1.5

5.4 ± 0.2

6.8 ± 0.7b

6.1 ± 0.4

6.7 ± 0.9

0.045a

 

nINT

  

4.5 ± 0.9

4.4 ± 0.7

4.8 ± 1.1

5.2 ± 1.0

5.0 ± 0.9

5.3 ± 0.7

5.4 ± 0.7

5.0 ± 0.7

5.0 ± 1.1

4.8 ± 0.9

 

P(a-ET)CO2 (kPa)

INT

  

1.7 ± 1.0

2.2 ± 1.6

1.0 ± 0.2

1.6 ± 1.3

1.7 ± 0.9

1.6 ± 0.8

1.6 ± 0.7

1.8 ± 1.0

2.2 ± 1.4

1.8 ± 0.9

0.148

 

nINT

  

1.0 ± 0.7

1.2 ± 0.6

1.3 ± 1.1

1.2 ± 0.5

1.0 ± 0.5

1.5 ± 0.8

1.6 ± 1.2

1.4 ± 1.0

2.4 ± 1.8

1.2 ± 1.1

 

DO2I (L/kg/min)

INT

    

11.3 ± 3.3

 

9.8 ± 1.4

 

10.7 ± 3.8

 

9.5 ± 2.7

 

0.293

 

nINT

    

8.7 ± 1.9

 

9.6 ± 1.7

 

9.3 ± 1.2

 

8.7 ± 1.1

  

O2ER (%)

INT

    

32.0 ± 16.3

 

30.2 ± 6.1

 

30.9 ± 10.6

 

30.0 ± 10.0

 

0.177

 

nINT

    

34.1 ± 8.5

 

35.0 ± 6.4

 

36.5 ± 5.5

 

38.6 ± 10.5

  

Qs/Qt (%)

INT

  

21.6 ± 5.0

23.3 ± 6.1

29.6 ± 6.5

42.2 ± 22.8

35.6 ± 7.4

37.6 ± 15.0

41.5 ± 13.1

36.7 ± 16.1

36.7 ± 10.1

38.3 ± 16.4

0.075

 

nINT

  

23.5 ± 8.5

31.2 ± 11.2

30.2 ± 8.0

30.2 ± 10.3

30.8 ± 5.1

30.7 ± 4.0

29.3 ± 1.6

28.2 ± 4.9

29.3 ± 7.5

27.0 ± 10.1

 
  1. HR Heart rate, MAP Mean arterial blood pressure, MPAP Mean pulmonary arterial blood pressure, CI Cardiac index, SVI Stroke volume index, SVRI Systemic vascular resistance, RR Respiratory rate, FiO2 Fraction of inspired oxygen, ETCO2 End-tidal carbon dioxide, PaO2 Oxygen partial pressure, PaCO2 Arterial carbon dioxide tension, SaO2 Arterial oxygen saturation, Hb Haemoglobin, CaO2 Arterial oxygen content, PAO2 Alveolar oxygen partial pressure, P(A-a)O2 Alveolar-arterial oxygen difference, P(a-ET)CO2 Arterial-end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure difference, DO2I Oxygen delivery, O2ER Oxygen extraction ratio, Qs/Qt Shunt fraction
  2. aSignificantly different compared to nINT
  3. bSignificantly different from baseline value (B)
Back to article page

BMC Veterinary Research

ISSN: 1746-6148

Contact us