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Table 3 Top ten countries with retracted articles based on the affiliation of the first author and the reason for retraction

From: Comprehensive analysis of retracted journal articles in the field of veterinary medicine and animal health

Country

No. (%) of retracted articles

Reason(s) for Retraction*

Error

Research misconduct

Publication misconduct

Unknown

Iran

47 (19.4)

2

1

40†

3

China

44 (18.2)

8

4

26

8

Korea

19 (7.8)

3

6

8

2

Spain

19 (7.8)

2

15†

5

2

USA

18 (7.4)

10†

4

2

2

India

13 (5.4)

1

0

8

4

UK

10 (4.1)

5

1

2

2

Germany

7 (2.9)

1

2

3

1

Egypt

6 (2.5)

0

1

4

2

Japan

6 (2.5)

2

1

1

2

  1. *Some articles were retracted for both research and publication misconduct, so numbers may add up to more than the total number of articles for that country
  2. †Significantly different from other countries in the Table (P < .0001, Chi square); for Iran and Spain, these values include multiple retractions by the same author or author group (see Table 4)
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BMC Veterinary Research

ISSN: 1746-6148

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