Fig. 2

Necropsy finding of a heifer with holoprosencephaly and corpus callosum hypoplasia. 1A) Cross section of the brain at the level of the pallidal globe: The septum pellucidum (asterisk) is absent. The corpus callosum (arrows) and caudate nucleus (cn) are reduced in size and gyri and sulci of the cerebral hemispheres are flattened. Cerebral grey matter (gm), cerebral white matter (wm), cingulate gyrus (cg), internal capsule (ic), lateral ventricle (lv), putamen (p), scale bar = 1 cm. 1B) Schematic picture of a normal brain at the same level. 1C) Schematic picture of the affected heifer’s brain on the same level. 2A) Cross section of the brain at the level of the lateral geniculate body: Note dilated lateral ventricles (lv) and flattened gyri and sulci of the cerebral hemispheres. Cerebral grey matter (gm), cerebral white matter (wm), choroid plexus (cp), hippocampus (h), mesencephalic aqueduct (ma), mesencephalon (m), scale bar = 1 cm. 2B) Schematic picture of a normal brain at the same level. 2C) Schematic picture of the affected heifer’s brain on the same level. Level of transverse sections are given in the upper schematic sagittal picture of a normal brain. Schematic pictures of normal brain modified after Schmidt et al. [14]