Fig. 9From: Effects of different artificial diets on commercial honey bee colony performance, health biomarkers, and gut microbiotaRelative mRNA expression of vitellogenin, a nutritionally-relevant health biomarker in honey bees (n = 9–12 colonies per diet treatment). A vitellogenin expression in colonies at each apiary site. B Vitellogenin expression in colonies fed the different diets. Error bars represent standard error (SE). Columns with different letters are significantly different at α = 0.05.Back to article page