Dietary Arthrospira platensis improves systemic antioxidant potential and changes plasma lipids without affecting related hepatic metabolic pathways in post-weaned piglets

dos Santos Madeira, Marta Sofia Morgado; Lopes, Paula Alexandra Antunes Brás; Martins, Cátia Falcão; Assunção, José Miguel Pestana; Alfaia, Cristina Maria Riscado Pereira Mateus; Pinto, Rui Manuel Amaro; Prates, José António Mestre

doi:10.1186/s12917-021-02869-y

Table 3 Effect of Arthrospira platensis, individually or combined with exogenous CAZymes, on total lipids (g/100 g liver), cholesterol (mg/g), fatty acid composition (% total fatty acids), partial sums of fatty acids and related ratios in piglets’ liver

From: Dietary Arthrospira platensis improves systemic antioxidant potential and changes plasma lipids without affecting related hepatic metabolic pathways in post-weaned piglets

	Diets				SEM	p-value
	Control	AP	AP + R	AP + L	SEM	p-value
Total lipids	2.37	2.37	2.41	2.42	0.104	0.977
Cholesterol	1.61	1.53	1.51	1.61	0.074	0.737
Fatty acid composition
10:0	0.011^a	0.014^ab	0.017^ab	0.025^b	0.003	0.027
12:0	0.009	0.013	0.014	0.015	0.001	0.058
14:0	0.172	0.200	0.261	0.235	0.023	0.064
15:0	0.142	0.155	0.141	0.162	0.012	0.589
16:0	13.5^a	13.9^ab	15.3^b	14.9^ab	0.429	0.021
16:1c7	0.344	0.397	0.429	0.375	0.024	0.147
16:1c9	0.446	0.429	0.642	0.488	0.064	0.096
17:0	1.330^a	1.703^b	1.476^ab	1.672^b	0.088	0.016
17:1c9	0.153	0.140	0.166	0.135	0.012	0.301
18:0	29.1	31.1	29.7	30.7	0.945	0.415
18:1c9	10.2	10.0	11.7	10.1	0.516	0.093
18:1c11	1.520	1.467	1.625	1.591	0.049	0.121
18:2n-6	17.8	16.5	16.6	16.7	0.454	0.163
18:3n-6	0.162^a	0.231^ab	0.265^b	0.253^b	0.018	0.001
18:3n-3	0.410	0.361	0.429	0.473	0.038	0.220
18:4n-3	0.020	0.019	0.017	0.024	0.002	0.141
20:0	0.052	0.059	0.053	0.055	0.004	0.743
20:1c11	0.151	0.117	0.125	0.124	0.010	0.121
20:2n-6	0.613^b	0.472^a	0.453^a	0.505^ab	0.032	0.006
20:3n-6	0.715	0.771	0.810	0.741	0.055	0.647
20:4n-6	14.9	14.7	13.2	13.7	0.758	0.332
20:3n-3	0.167	0.157	0.151	0.178	0.014	0.526
20:5n-3	0.517^b	0.362^a	0.332^a	0.353^a	0.035	0.002
22:0	0.033	0.044	0.037	0.033	0.003	0.077
22:1n-9	0.326	0.489	0.502	0.544	0.072	0.189
22:5n-3	1.843^b	1.493^ab	1.356^ab	1.296^a	0.138	0.034
22:6n-3	1.752^b	1.164^a	1.016^a	1.326^ab	0.140	0.005
Others	3.574	3.425	3.217	3.276	0.175	0.477
Fatty acid partial sums
SFA¹	14.3^a	26.2^b	38.0^c	55.7^d	2.069	< 0.001
MUFA²	43.0	45.5	45.5	46.1	1.034	0.169
PUFA³	47.4	45.4	45.6	44.7	1.096	0.356
n-3 PUFA⁴	17.8	17.5	15.9	16.4	0.813	0.327
n-6 PUFA⁵	29.5	27.9	29.6	28.2	0.676	0.193
Fatty acid ratios
PUFA:SFA	4.420^b	1.817^a	1.236^a	0.804^a	0.510	< 0.001
n-6:n-3	1.664	1.628	1.895	1.774	0.098	0.229

Dietary treatments: cereal and soybean meal-based diet (control); basal diet with 10% of Arthrospira platensis (AP); basal diet with 10% of Arthrospira platensis supplemented with 0.005% of Rovabio^® (AP + R); basal diet with 10% of Arthrospira platensis supplemented with 0.01% of lysozyme (AP + L)
^a,b,cMean values within a row with unlike superscript letters are significantly different (p < 0·05)
¹SFA = 10:0 + 12:0 + 14:0 + 15:0 + 16:0 + 17:0 + 18:0 + 20:0 + 22:0
²MUFA = 16:1c7 + 16:1c9 + 17:1c9 + 18:1c9 + 18:1c11 + 20:1c11 + 22:1n-9
³PUFA = 18:2n-6 + 18:3n-6 + 18:3n-3 + 20:2n-6 + 20:3n-6 + 20:4n-6 + 20:3n-3 + 20:5n-3 + 22:5n-3 + 22:6n-3
⁴n-3 PUFA = 18:3n-3 + 20:3n-3 + 20:5n-3 + 22:5n-3 + 22:6n-3
⁵n-6 PUFA = 18:2n-6 + 18:3n-6 + 20:2n-6 + 20:3n-6 + 20:4n-6

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