| Midazolam | Diazepam |
---|---|---|
Recommended dose | 0.2–0.5 mg/kg intravenous, intranasal or intramuscular | 0.5–2.0 mg/kg intravenous, intranasal or rectal |
Recommended target serum concentration for seizure control (pharmakokinetic studies) | <  0.04 μg/mL (value derived from humans) | 0.15–0.5 μg/mL |
Serum concentration achieved with each administration route (pharmakokinetic studies) | Intravenous | |
NA | NA | |
Intranasal | ||
0.21 ± 0.02 μg/mL (solution) or 0.45 ± 0.09 μg/mL (gel) | 0.44 ± 0.04 μg/mL (solution) or 0.31 +/− 0.17 (solution/atomised formulation) | |
Intramuscular | ||
0.20 ± 0.06 μg/mL or 0.55 ± 0.12 μg/mL (solution) | NA | |
Rectal | ||
NA | 0.5 μg/mL (solution) and or 0.01–0.1 μg/mL (suppository) | |
Buccal | ||
0.1–0.2 μg/mL (gel) | NA | |
Sublingual | ||
NA | NA | |
Time to peak serum concentration achieved with each administration route (pharmakokinetic studies) | Intravenous | |
NA | NA | |
Intranasal | ||
12 min (gel) or 17 min (solution) | 4.5–8.0 min (solution/atomised formulation) | |
Intramuscular | ||
10–15 min (solution) | NA | |
Rectal | ||
NA | 15 min (solution) or 80 min (suppository) | |
Buccal | ||
15 min (gel) | NA | |
Sublingual | ||
NA | NA | |
Time to seizure control achieved with each administration route (clinical studies) | Intravenous | |
1.0–4.5 min | NA | |
Intranasal | ||
0.5–1.6 min | NA | |
Intramuscular | ||
NA | NA | |
Buccal | ||
NA | NA | |
Sublingual | ||
NA | NA | |
Rectal | ||
NA | 2.5 min |