Table 2 Metabolic pathways significantly enriched with increasing insulin concentrations. P-values are FDR adjusted. Metabolites included in each pathway are shown in bold when significantly contributing to the test result. The direction of association is indicated by (+) for a positive and (−) for a negative association with insulin. Despite being described as enrichment, variations in both directions are considered in absolute values, so that decreases in metabolite concentrations can result in significantly enriched pathways as well. Moreover, positive and negative associations within a pathway do not cancel each other out
Pathway | Adj. P value | Metabolites |
|---|---|---|
Ammonia Recycling | 0.001 | Ser (−), Gly (−), Asn (−), His (−), Gln (−), Asp (−), Glu (+) |
Glycine and Serine Metabolism | 0.001 | Ser (−), Ala (−), Gly (−), Met (−), Arg (−), Sarcosine (+), Glu (+) |
Carnitine Synthesis | 0.001 | Lys (−), Gly (−), C0 (−) |
Alanine Metabolism | 0.002 | Ala (−), Gly (−), Glu (+) |
Urea Cycle | 0.003 | Ala (−), Cit (−), Orn (−), Arg (−), Gln (−), Asp (−), Glu (+) |
Glutamate Metabolism | 0.004 | Ala (−), Gly (−), Gln (−), Asp (−), Glu (+) |
Arginine and Proline Metabolism | 0.004 | Pro (−), Gly (−), Cit (−), Orn (−), Arg (−), Asp (−), Glu (+) |
Valine, Leucine, and Isoleucine Degradation | 0.009 | Val (−), Ile (−), Leu (−), Glu (+) |
Methionine Metabolism | 0.011 | Ser (−), Gly (−), Met (−), Met-SO (−), Putrescine (−), Sarcosine (+) |
Glucose-Alanine Cycle | 0.011 | Ala (−), H1 (+), Glu (+) |
Lysine Degradation | 0.013 | Lys (−), alpha-AAA (−), Glu (+) |
Aspartate Metabolism | 0.018 | Asn (−), Cit (−), Arg (−), Gln (−), Asp (−), Glu (+) |
Purine Metabolism | 0.018 | Gly (−), Gln (−), Asp (−), Glu (+) |
beta-Alanine Metabolism | 0.042 | His (−), Carnosine (−), Asp (−), Glu (+) |
Histidine Metabolism | 0.045 | His (−), Carnosine (−), Glu (+) |