Developing an experimental necrotic enteritis model in turkeys - the impact of Clostridium perfringens, Eimeria meleagrimitis and host age on frequency of severe intestinal lesions

Hardy, Simon P.; Benestad, Sylvie L.; Hamnes, Inger Sofie; Moldal, Torfinn; David, Bruce; Barta, John R.; Reperant, Jean-Michel; Kaldhusdal, Magne

doi:10.1186/s12917-020-2270-5

Table 1 Design of the nine experiments in the study

From: Developing an experimental necrotic enteritis model in turkeys - the impact of Clostridium perfringens, Eimeria meleagrimitis and host age on frequency of severe intestinal lesions

Exp	Birds¹	Age²	EM	CP		Hours	No.	No.
			dose³	strain	Days⁴	after EM⁵	NE⁶	score3⁶	Mean score⁷
1	3	17	–	–	–	127/145/169	0/0/0	0/0/0	0.0/0.0/1.0
	3	17	5	–	–		0/0/0	0/0/0	0.0/1.0/1.0
	3	17	20	–	–		1/0/0	1/0/0	3.0/1.0/1.0
	15	17	5	04	3,4,5		1/0/0	2/0/0	1.8/1.0/1.0
	15	17	20	04	3,4,5		3/0/0	3/0/0	2.2/1.0/1.4
	15	17	5	13	3,4,5		1/0/0	1/0/0	1.4/1.0/1.0
	15	17	20	13	3,4,5		2/0/1	2/0/1	1.8/1.0/1.4
2	18	17	–	–	–	99/123/145	0/0/0	0/0/0	0.2/0.2/0.3
	18	17	0.25	–	–		0/0/0	0/0/0	0.0/0.8/1.3
	18	17	0.25	04	3,4		0/0/0	0/0/0	0.0/1.3/1.0
	36	17	0.25	04	3,4,5		0/0/0	0/0/0	0.0/1.2/1.3
	18	17	0.25	36	3,4,5		0/0/0	0/0/0	0.2/1.2/1.5
3	22	17	–	–	–	97/121/145/168	0/0/0/0	0/0/0/0	0.2/0.3/0.7/0.5
	18	17	1.60	–	–		0/0/0/−	0/0/0/−	0.3/0.8/0.5/−
	24	17	1.60	04	3,4,5		0/0/1/4	0/0/1/4	0.3/0.6/1.0/3.0
	23	17	1.60	13	3,4,5		0/0/0/0	0/0/0/0	0.2/0.8/1.1/2.0
	24	17	1.60	36	3,4,5		0/0/0/2	0/0/0/2	0.3/0.4/1.2/2.5
4	8	17	–	–	–	99/123/147/171	0/0/0/0	0/0/0/0	0.5/0.5/1.0/0.5
	21	17	5	–	–		0/0/0/0	0/1/0/0	0.5/2.0/1.0/1.0
	20	17	15	–	–		0/2/0/0	0/3/0/0	1.0/2.8/1.0/1.2
	22	17	5	04	3,4,5		0/6/0/1	0/6/0/1	0.8/3.0/1.2/1.5
	23	17	15	04	3,4,5		0/6/0/0	0/6/0/0	1.5/3.0/1.2/1.3
	24	17	5	13	3,4,5		0/6/0/0	0/6/0/0	1.5/3.0/1.2/1.3
	23	17	15	13	3,4,5		0/7/0/0	0/7/0/0	1.0/3.0/1.3/1.0
5	13	17	–	–	–	119/141	0/0	0/0	0.0/0.0
	14	17	5	–	–		0/0	0/0	0.9/1.2
	14	17	5	04	4		0/0	0/0	1.1/1.0
	14	17	5	04	3,4		0/0	0/0	1.0/1.0
	13	17	5	04	3,4,5		0/0	0/0	1.0/0.7
6	18	17	10	04	3,4,5	119/142/168	0/0/0	0/0/0	1.1/1.1/0.0
	17	17	20	04	3,4,5		0/0/0	0/0/0	1.1/1.3/1.3
7	19	15	15	–	–	121/144/168	0/0/0	0/0/0	1.0/1.0/0.5
	21	15	15	04	5,6		1/0/0	1/0/0	1.3/1.1/0.9
	21	15	15	04	4,5,6		0/0/0	0/0/0	1.0/1.1/0.6
8	29	16	10	01	3,4,5,6	124/132/142/149	0/0/0/0	0/0/0/0	0.8/1.0/1.0/0.4
	31	16	10	04	3,4,5,6		0/0/0/0	0/0/0/0	0.8/1.0/1.0/1.0
	31	16	10	13	3,4,5,6		0/0/0/0	0/0/0/0	0.9/1.0/1.0/0.9
	30	16	10	58,702	3,4,5,6		0/0/0/0	0/0/0/0	0.9/0.8/1.0/0.8
9	12	17	10	–	–	125/145	0/0	0/0	1.3/1.0
	12	17	20	–	–		0/0	0/1	1.5/1.6
	12	17	10	04 + 13	3,4,5		0/0	0/0	1.0/1.5
	11	17	20	04 + 13	3,4,5		0/0	1/1	2.3/1.7
	11	30	10	–	–		0/2	2/3	1.5/2.1
	12	30	20	–	–		0/2	2/3	2.0/2.3
	13	30	10	04 + 13	3,4,5		1/7	3/7	2.3/2.8
	12	30	20	04 + 13	3,4,5		2/4	3/6	2.8/2.6

¹Total number of turkeys/treatment group (row), ²Age in days at Eimeria meleagrimitis-inoculation, ³ Number (in thousands) of Eimeria meleagrimitis oocysts inoculated per bird. Strain pM3 was used in experiments 1–8, strain USSMN08–01-5 was used in experiment 9, ⁴ CP = Clostridium perfringens, Days = number of days between Eimeria meleagrimitis-inoculation and Clostridium perfringens-inoculation, ⁵ Number of hours between Eimeria meleagrimitis-inoculation and post-mortem examination, ⁶ Number of birds with the appropriate score (NE = mucosal pseudomembrane, ulcer or depression, score3 = score 3 in the scoring system) on each sampling occasion after Eimeria meleagrimitis-inoculation, ⁷ Mean score on each sampling occasion

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