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Table 2 Minimum inhibitory concentration (mg/L) of 19 Staphylococcus spp. isolates from 13 Ugandan pig herds. Values in bold are above the epidemiological cut-off value (ECOFF)

From: The presence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus spp. and Escherichia coli in smallholder pig farms in Uganda

 

PENa

OXAa

CEFb

FOXb

ENR

FA

ERY

CLI

GEN

NIT

TET

SXT1

Concentrations in the wells (mg/L)

0.03–1

0.25–1

1–4

0.25–8

0.25–1

0.5–2

0.5–2

0.5–2

1–4

16–64

0.25–4

0.25–4

S. aureus

 ECOFF2

0.125

2

1

4

nd

0.5

1

0.25

2

32

1

0.25

 S. aureus§

1

< 0.25

< 1

4

< 0.25

< 0.5

< 0.5

< 0.5

< 1

< 16

< 0.25

0.25

 S. aureus

> 1

< 0.25

< 1

4

< 0.25

< 0.5

< 0.5

< 0.5

< 1

< 16

< 0.25

0.5

 S. aureus

> 1

0.5

< 1

4

< 0.25

< 0.5

> 2

< 0.5

< 1

< 16

< 0.25

0.5

 MRSA

> 1

> 1

2

> 8

< 0.25

< 0.5

> 2

< 0.5

< 1

< 16

< 0.25

0.5

Other Staphylococcus spp.

 ECOFF3

0.1252

1

12

42

nd

0.5

1

0.25

0.5

322

1

0.252

 S. simulans

< 0.03

< 0.25

< 1

2

< 0.25

1

< 0.5

< 0.5

< 1

< 16

> 4

< 0.25

 S. simulans#

< 0.03

< 0.25

< 1

2

< 0.25

0.5

0.5

0.5

< 1

< 16

0.5

< 0.25

 S. simulans

< 0.03

< 0.25

< 1

2

< 0.25

< 0.5

< 0.5

< 0.5

< 1

< 16

> 4

< 0.25

 S. simulans

< 0.03

< 0.25

< 1

4

< 0.25

1

< 0.5

< 0.5

< 1

< 16

< 0.25

< 0.25

 S. simulans

< 0.03

< 0.25

< 1

2

< 0.25

1

< 0.5

1

< 1

< 16

0.5

0.5

 S. chromogenes§

> 1

< 0.25

< 1

1

< 0.25

< 0.5

1

< 0.5

< 1

< 16

0.5

> 4

 S. chromogenes

< 0.03

< 0.25

< 1

0.5

< 0.25

< 0.5

2

< 0.5

2

< 16

0.5

< 0.25

 S. cohnii§

0.5

1

< 1

> 8

0.5

> 2

> 2

1

< 1

< 16

> 4

< 0.25

 S. cohnii§

0.25

0.5

< 1

8

< 0.25

> 2

> 2

< 0.5

< 1

< 16

> 4

< 0.25

 S. sciurii#

0.06

1

< 1

2

0.5

> 2

< 0.5

1

< 1

< 16

> 4

< 0.25

 S. sciurii

0.06

1

< 1

2

< 0.25

2

< 0.5

< 0.5

< 1

< 16

< 0.25

< 0.25

 S. lentus¤

0.25

1

< 1

2

0.5

2

< 0.5

1

< 1

< 16

0.5

< 0.25

 S. petrasii

> 1

< 0.25

< 1

2

< 0.25

< 0.5

< 0.5

< 0.5

< 1

< 16

0.5

< 0.25

 S. epidermidis

< 0.03

< 0.25

< 1

2

< 0.25

< 0.5

< 0.5

< 0.5

< 1

< 16

> 4

< 0.25

 S. hyicus

> 1

< 0.25

< 1

0.5

< 0.25

< 0.5

< 0.5

< 0.5

< 1

< 16

> 4

1

  1. Penicillin (PEN), oxacillin + 2% NaCl (OXA), cephalothin (CEF), cefoxitin (FOX), enrofloxacin (ENR), fusidic acid (FA), erythromycin (ERY), clindamycin (CLI), gentamicin (GEN), nitrofurantoin (NIT), tetracycline (TET) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT)
  2. nd = not defined
  3. MRSA= Methicillin-resistant S. aureus
  4. Strains with the same symbol (§, # or ¤) originated from the same herd
  5. aDefined as one antibiotic class (penicillins) in the determination of multidrug resistance
  6. b Defined as one antibiotic class (cephalosporins) in the determination of multidrug resistance
  7. 1 ECOFF for sulfamethoxazole, combined with trimethoprim at a ratio of 1:19
  8. 2 ECOFF for S. aureus is given according to EUCAST [31]
  9. 3 ECOFF for coagulase-negative staphylococci is given according to EUCAST [31]. If an ECOFF for these were not available, the value has been extrapolated from the ECOFF of S. aureus
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BMC Veterinary Research

ISSN: 1746-6148

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