Evaluation in broilers of aerosolized nanoparticles vaccine encapsulating imuno-stimulant and antigens of avian influenza virus/Mycoplasma gallisepticum

Table 5 Impact of aerosolization of liposomal chicken vaccine^a, incorporating H9N2 and MG antigens in presence and absence of Echinacea extract (EE), on protection of challenged^b broilers against tracheal histopathologic lesions and mortality

Treatment^c	Mean frequency of tracheal histopathologic lesions and mortality at 35 d of age
	% Trachea with histopathogic lesions			Cumulative mortality %
	Deciliation	Mucosal hypertrophy	Goblet cells degeneration	Cumulative mortality %
1	51.0¹	58.0¹	19.0¹	22.0¹
2	62.0²	68.0²	27.0²	35.0²
3	5.5³	7.0³	2.5³	4.0³
4	72.0⁴	85.0⁴	32.0⁴	45.0⁴
5	4.7³	6.5³	1.8⁵	2.0⁵
6	3.1⁵	4.2⁵	1.0⁵	2.0⁵

^aVaccination and/or EE administration to broilers at 14 and 21 days of age
^bChallenge at 28 days of age with 4HA units/50 μl of each of H9N2 and MG
^cTRT 1 = Vaccine administration containing H9N2 and MG antigens and challenged; TRT 2 = EE administration only and challenged; TRT 3 = Vaccine administration containing H9N2, MG, EE, and challenged; TRT 4 = Only challenged (positive controls); TRT 5 = Vaccine administration containing H9N2, MG, EE, and deprived of challenge; TRT 6 = Deprived of antigens and EE, and of challenge (Negative Controls)
^1-5Means in a column followed by different Arabic numerical - superscripts are significantly different (P < 0.05)

ISSN: 1746-6148