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Table 5 Biogenic amines (mg/kg) means in faeces of dogs fed diets with or without DFM (n = 8)

From: Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis reduce faecal protein catabolites concentration and odour in dogs

Item

Control

DFM

SEM

P-value

Tiramine

48.36

46.22

10.770

0.443

Putrescine

71.24

47.51

9.321

0.025

Cadaverine

129.87

88.63

18.935

0.050

Histamine

22.93

23.89

5.280

0.448

Serotonin

3.20

2.39

0.381

0.057

Agmatine

0.00

0.00

0.000

1.000

Spermidine

26.77

19.94

2.451

0.015

Phenylethynamine

0.55

0.92

0.253

0.147

Tryptamine

0.51

0.22

0.344

0.272

Total amines

303.42

209.90

38.301

0.031

  1. DFM Direct-fed microbials (62.5 mg/kg of diet of a mixture of 3.66 × 107 cfu/kg Bacillus subtilis and 3.66 × 107 cfu/kg Bacillus licheniformis)