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Table 8 The prevalence of Enterococcus-associated vancomycin resistance genes in healthy racing pigeons

From: Prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility and virulence factors of Enterococcus species in racing pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica)

Enterococcus spp.

No. of isolates

Number (%) of isolates harbouring the van gene

vanA

vanB

vanC1

vanC2-C3

E. columbae

50

0

5 (10%)

8 (16%)

1 (2%)

E. hirae

30

0

0

4 (13.3%)

6 (20%)*↑

E. faecium

17

0

0

2 (11.8%)

0 (0%)

E. faecalis

17

0

0

2 (11.8%)

0 (0%)

E. gallinarum

13

0

0

9 (69.2%)*↑

0 (0%)

E. mundtii

7

0

0

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

E. casseliflavus

5

0

0

0 (0%)

5 (100%)*↑

E. cecorum

3

0

0

2 (66.7%)

0 (0%)

E. durans

3

0

0

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

Total

145

0

5 (3.4%)

27 (18.6%)

12 (8.3%)

  1. * significantly higher percentage of isolates with van gene at α = 0.05