Table 5 Relative mRNA levels of MyoD, Myogenin, IFG-1, GH, PAX7 and PCNA in the muscle tissues at days 1, 3, 5, 7 post hatch in broiler chicks subjected to different thermal manipulation protocols during embryonic life (ED12–18)

1 ± 0.01^a

1.80 ± 0.03^b

1.13 ± 0.02^a

3.46 ± 0.06^c

1.25 ± 0.02^d

1 ± 0.01^a

0.89 ± 0.02^a

0.25 ± 0.02^b

0.71 ± 0.02^c

0.69 ± 0.02^c

1 ± 0.01^a

0.63 ± 0.02^b

0.44 ± 0.03^b

0.39 ± 0.01^b

0.62 ± 0.03^b

1 ± 0.02^a

1.26 ± 0.01^b

1.15 ± 0.01^c

1.15 ± 0.04^c

1.09 ± 0.01^c

1 ± 0.01^a

1.82 ± 0.01^b

1.40 ± 0.06^c

1.91 ± 0.07^b

1.21 ± 0.07^c

1 ± 0.01^a

0.65 ± 0.02^b

0.55 ± 0.02^b

0.40 ± 0.02^b

0.31 ± 0.02^b

1 ± 0.01^a

2.46 ± 0.03^b

0.82 ± 0.02^a

0.65 ± 0.02^a

1.22 ± 0.02^a

1 ± 0.01^a

2.05 ± 0.03^b

1.28 ± 0.03^a

0.59 ± 0.02^a

1.46 ± 0.01^a

1 ± 0.01^a

2.47 ± 0.06^b

0.63 ± 0.03^d

0.65 ± 0.03^d

1.56 ± 0.03^c

1 ± 0.02^a

1.73 ± 0.06^b

1.01 ± 0.01^a

0.04 ± 0.04^c

1.55 ± 0.01^b

1 ± 0.02^a

3.29 ± 0.04^b

1.55 ± 0.01^c

1.46 ± 0.02^c

1.99 ± 0.02^c

1 ± 0.03^a

3.18 ± 0.09^b

1.05 ± 0.01^a

1.03 ± 0.02^a

1.63 ± 0.05^c

1 ± 0.02^a

0.95 ± 0.03^a

0.79 ± 0.03^a

0.35 ± 0.02^b

0.13 ± 0.01^b

1 ± 0.06^a

1.45 ± 0.02^a

3.49 ± 0.23^b

4.36 ± 0.19^c

10.54 ± 0.27^d

1 ± 0.02 ^a

1.33 ± 0.05^a

0.64 ± 0.03^a

0.34 ± 0.01^b

0.15 ± 0.01^b

1 ± 0.03^a

1.37 ± 0.06^a

6.77 ± 0.02^b

7.27 ± 0.02^c

8.50 ± 0.07^d

1 ± 0.03^a

1.11 ± 0.04^b

1.51 ± 0.02^b

1.17 ± 0.01^b

1.15 ± 0.03^b

1 ± 0.09^a

1.33 ± 0.04^a

1.31 ± 0.02^a

1.69 ± 0.06^b

5.01 ± 0.13^c

1 ± 0.04^a

1.46 ± 0.11^a

1.10 ± 0.03^a

1.12 ± 0.04^a

2.09 ± 0.06^b

1 ± 0.01^a

2.04 ± 0.22^b

1.28 ± 0.05^a

0.05 ± 0.19^d

4.63 ± 0.19^c

1 ± 0.07^a

1.54 ± 0.11^b

1.70 ± 0.05^b

1.65 ± 0.03^b

0.14 ± 0.02^c

1 ± 0.01^a

2.44 ± 0.15^b

1.37 ± 0.07^a

1.02 ± 0.20^a

5.80 ± 0.10^d

1 ± 0.03

1.01 ± 0.06

1.18 ± 0.05

1.01 ± 0.01

1.01 ± 0.03

1 ± 0.03^a

1.65 ± 0.06^b

1.28 ± 0.05^b

1.01 ± 0.06^a

2.56 ± 0.20^c