Table 1 Overview of the life-long phenotypic effects of in ovo stimulation with prebiotics and probiotics on day12 of egg incubation
From: Prebiotics and synbiotics – in ovo delivery for improved lifespan condition in chicken
Prebiotic | Amount (mg/ml) | Probiotic | Amount CFU | Effects of in ovo stimulation | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a. Hatchability, performance and intestinal microbiota | |||||
RFO | 0,1763; 0,8815; 1763 | – | – | Confirmed effects of RFO injected in ovo on day 12 of egg incubation, increased number of bifidobacteria | Villaluenga et al. 2004 [11] |
FOS, RFO | 1763 2,1158 | – | – | Decreased mortality, high level of bifidobacteria after hatching and before slaughter | Pilarski et al. 2005 [39] |
RFO | 1900 | – | – | Increased body weight and FCR, increased and dose-dependent counts of bifidobacteria | Bednarczyk et al. 2011 [38] |
RFO | 1900 | – | – | Improved performance traits of broiler chickens | Brudnicki et al., 2015 [40] |
GOS, Laminaria spp. seaweed extract containing laminarin and fucoidan | 3500 0,880 | – | – | Increased number of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in chicken feces, validation of in ovo vs. in-feed prebiotics administration | Bednarczyk et al., 2016 [33] |
GOS, Laminaria spp. seaweed extract containing laminarin and fucoidan | 3500 0,880 | – | – | Improvement in a number of production parameters including carcass weight and yield | Maiorano et al., 2017 [41] |
GOS, RFO | 3500 1900 | Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus plantarum | Modulation of the fecal microflora composition | Dunislawska et al.,2017 [42] | |
b. Intestinal morphology | |||||
RFO | 1500 3000 4500 | – | – | Potential to enhance ileum mucosa morphology and improve immunity in the small intestine | Berrocoso et al., 2016 [43] |
Inulin, GOS | 1760 0,528 | Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris | 103 103 | Increase in the number of goblet cells in the duodenum and the jejunum on day 1 of life, followed by significant decrease on the day 4 | Bogucka et al., 2016 [44] |
Inulin, GOS | 1760 0,528 | Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris | 103 103 | Significantly higher number of goblet cells | Bogucka et al., 2017 [45] |
RFO | 1900 | – | – | Increased length of the small intestine and transient effect (days 1–3 post-hatching) on villi length and surface | Brudnicki et al., 2017 [46] |
Laminaria spp. seaweed extract containing laminarin and fucoidan | 0,880 | – | – | Increase in villi width and crypt depth in duodenum on day 21 | Sobolewska et al., 2017 [47] |
GOS, RFO | 2000 2000 | Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus plantarum | 105 105 | Increased absorbent area of villi in different sections of the intestine on days 1 and 42, increase in the number of the goblet cells, reduced crypt depth | Sobolewska et al., 2017 [48] |
c. Muscle histology and meat quality | |||||
RFO | 1900 | – | – | Improved meat quality in terms of collagen content | Maiorano et al., 2012 [49] |
d. Immune system development and function | |||||
Oligosaccharide extract of palm kernel cake (PKC) | 20 | – | – | Increased IgG production and antioxidant capacity in serum and liver of prenatal chicks and had limited carrying-over effects on the post-hatched chicks | Jahromi et al., 2017 [50] |
Inulin, GOS | 1760 0,528 | Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris | 103 103 | Prebiotics and synbiotics can modulate the central and peripheral lymphatic organ development in broilers | Madej et al., 2015 [51] |
Inulin, GOS | 1760 0,528 | Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris | 103 103 | Stimulated GALT development after hatching and colonization with lymphocytes | Madej & Bednarczyk 2016 [52] |
RFO | 0,7765 0,8815 1763 | – | – | Protective effect against Salmonella enteritidis infection | Ruiz Lopez et al., 2008 [53] |
e. Gene expression modulation | |||||
RFO | 1900 | Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, | 103 103 | Stimulation of an immune system by lymphatic organs development | Slawinska et al., 2014 [54] |
Inulin | 1760 | Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, | 103 | Down-regulation of gene expression in cecal tonsils and spleen | Plowiec et al., 2015 [55] |
Inulin GOS | 1760 0,528 | Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris | 103 103 | Long-term transcriptomic effects | Slawinska et al., 2016 [56] |
GOS, RFO | 2000 2000 | Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus plantarum | 105 105 | Significant impact on gene expression level in spleen and cecal tonsils | Dunislawska et al., 2017 [42] |
GOS, RFO | 2000 2000 | Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus plantarum | 105 105 | Downregulated GLP-1 and GIP mRNA expression in the duodenum and GLP-1R in the pancreas | Kołodziejski et al., 2018 [57] |
f. Avian physiology | |||||
RFO | 1900 | – | – | Increased rate of yolk sac absorption | Brudnicki et al., 2015 [40] |
Inulin GOS | 1760 0,528 | Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris | 103 103 | Increased the activity of amylase, lipase, and trypsin in the pancreas | Pruszynska Oszmalek et al., 2015 [58] |
Inulin GOS | 1760 0,528 | Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris | 103 103 | Increased body weight, improved the short – chain fatty acid cecal profile, increase the villus length | Miśta et al., 2017 [59] |