Risk factors for the presence of Fasciola hepatica antibodies in bulk-milk samples and their association with milk production decreases, in Cuban dairy cattle

Arenal, Amilcar; García, Yipsi; Quesada, Lídice; Velázquez, Dayamis; Sánchez, Diamela; Peña, Mayelin; Suárez, Asnaldo; Díaz, Arnielis; Sánchez, Yuliet; Casaert, Stijn; van Dijk, Jan; Vercruysse, Jozef; Charlier, Johannes

doi:10.1186/s12917-018-1654-2

Table 3 Frequency and percentages of the herd characteristics of dairy herds sampled in Cuba (N = 516) in a cross-sectional questionnaire survey conducted in March–July, 2014

From: Risk factors for the presence of Fasciola hepatica antibodies in bulk-milk samples and their association with milk production decreases, in Cuban dairy cattle

Variable			%	N	Mean ODR	SD	Range
Type of production	State^a	UEB	10.1	52	0.600^a	0.188	0.05-0.99
	State^a	UBPC	25.6	132	0.522^b	0.187	0.05–0.98
	Private^a	CPA	15.1	78	0.496^b	0.177	0.07–0.89
	Private^a	CCS	49.2	254	0.490^b	0.212	0.05–1.19
Type of Herd	Dairy only		54.8	283	0.511 ^a	0.208	0.05–1.19
Type of Herd	Both beef and dairy		45.2	233	0.509 ^a	0.192	0.05–1.03
Farm total area	<=13.42 ha		32.8	169	0.474^b	0.194	0.12–1.03
	> 13.42 and < =30 ha		14.0	72	0.472^b	0.186	0.05–0.88
	> 30 ha		53.3	275	0.543^a	0.204	0.05-1.19
Herd size (adult cows: lactating + dry):	< 30		55.4	286	0.499^a	0.217	0.05-1.03
	30–60		30.6	158	0.539^a	0.200	0.05-1.19
	> 60		14.0	72	0.534^a	0.215	0.07-0.89
Deworming of cows			3.1	16	0.539^a	0.187	0.28-0.98
Not dewormed			3.1	16	0.539^a	0.187	0.28-0.98
Dewormed when worm problems			22.9	118	0.480^a	0.197	0.05-0.89
Preventive treatment			74.0	382	0.518^a	0.202	0.05-1.19
Cows grazed together with other species
Sheep and goats			19.2	99	0.552^a	0.178	0.05-1.03
Horse			21.5	111	0.501^b	0.196	0.12–0.99
None			59.3	306	0.500^b	0.208	0.05–1.19
Stocking rate: average number of cows per hectare on a parcel?
< 1			40.3	208	0.496^a	0.185	0.07-1.19
1–2			56.2	290	0.521^a	0.210	0.05-0.99
> 2			3.5	18	0.501^a	0.232	0.05-0.85
Watering place
Pool/pond/brook			20.9	108	0.561^a	0.206	0.07-1.19
Pump on pasture			79.1	408	0.497^b	0.198	0.05–0.99
Rotational grazing of cows
Yes			5.4	28	0.511^a	0.190	0.15-0.82
No			94.6	488	0.502^a	0.201	0.05-1.19
What was the cow’s grazing time per day during the dry season?
Day and night			14.0	72	0.542^a	0.165	0.05-0.76
< 6 h per day			62.6	322	0.498^b	0.217	0.05–1.19
> 6 h per day			23.4	122	0.541^a	0.167	0.05-0.98
What was the cow’s grazing time per day during the rainy season?
Day and night			11.0	57	0.513^a	0.168	0.05-0.80
< 6 h per day			42.4	219	0.504^a	0.205	0.05-1.19
> 6 h per day			46.5	240	0.515^a	0.205	0.05-0.99
Grass proportion dry season
81–100			20.5	106	0.406^c	0.201	0.05–0.88
51–80			50.6	261	0.511^b	0.198	0.07–0.99
< =50			28.9	149	0.583^a	0.172	0.05-1.19
Grass proportion rainy season
81–100			30.4	157	0.501^a	0.188	90.05-0.91
51–80			52.3	270	0.519^a	0.205	0.05-1.19
< =50			17.2	89	0.501^a	0.215	0.12-1.03
Grass Mowing
51–100%			27.9	144	0.496^a	0.187	0.05-0.88
< 50%			43.0	222	0.512^a	0.210	0.05-1.03
Never			29.1	150	0.522^a	0.200	0.07-1.19
Municipality	Camagüey		10.7%	55	0.630^a	0.114	0.37-.87
	Céspedes		2.7%	14	0.634 ^a	0.303	0.05–1.19
	Esmeralda		3.7%	19	0.493 ^a,b,c	0.196	.15–.82
	Florida		4.5%	23	0.548 ^a,b	0.171	0.25–.86
	Guaimaro		15.7%	81	0.381 ^c,d	0.179	0.05–.88
	Jimaguayú		10.3%	53	0.567 ^a,b	0.179	0.07–.99
	Minas		4.5%	23	0.511 ^a,b	0.254	0.09–.88
	Najasa		8.1%	42	0.455 ^b,c,d	0.142	0.17–.77
	Nuevitas		4.5%	23	0.598^a,b	0.263	0.07–.99
	S.Cubitas		5.6%	29	0.360 ^d	0.192	0.11–.91
	Santa Cruz del Sur		7.9%	41	0.572 ^a,b	0.177	0.15–.91
	Sibanicú		7.6%	39	0.464 ^b,c,d	0.171	0.17.84
	Vertientes		14.3%	74	0.545 ^a,b	0.179	0.05.88

Different letters indicate significant differences between groups (P < 0.05)
^aUEB (Basic unit from the state), UBPC (Cooperative Unit Basic of Production), CCS (Credit and Service Cooperative) and CPA (Agropecuary Production Cooperative)

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ISSN: 1746-6148

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