Fig. 5

Flow cytometry analysis of PBMCs. PBMCs were isolated from chickens vaccinated intramuscularly at 2 weeks after the third inoculation, and the cellular immune response was assessed by monitoring T-cell subsets. a: Representative images showing distribution of CD4⁺ T cells (CD3⁺ CD4⁺) and CD8⁺ T cells (CD3⁺ CD8⁺). b: CD4⁺ T cell percentages in PBMCs in different treatment groups. c: CD8⁺ T cell percentages in PBMCs in different treatment groups. Data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean. Statistical significance of differences is illustrated as follows: *P < 0.05